К вопросу об оценке пожарной безопасности рабочих мест персонала компрессорных цехов газотранспортных предприятий

Abstract

The method is considered related to fire safety evaluation of the workplaces located in the engine room of the compressor shop. The method is based on the methodology for evaluating safety of the systems at various levels (workplace, shop, enterprise). The method of constructing a scenario for the occurrence and development of a fire using cause and effect diagram (Ishikawa Diagram) based on the principle of «action — reaction» is shown. The mathematical model for assessment of the probability of implementing a fire scenario at a production facility, and the model for assessment of the probability of personnel evacuation in case of fire are considered. When developing a model for assessing the likelihood of personnel evacuation, the results of studies were used related to the time of the beginning of people evacuation conducted by the State Fire Service Academy of EMERCOM of Russia. The results of experiments on the evacuation of personnel from the technological structure of gas processing plant and from the compartments of gas-pumping unit are also shown.  The results of the practical implementation of the proposed approach on the examples of constructing fire scenario and assessment of the possibility of fire occurrence due to surge of the operating point of a centrifugal blower are presented.  The likelihood of the specified fire scenario occurrence is estimated. The estimation of the likelihood of personnel evacuation in case of fire in the engine room of the compressor shop is presented. The options for calculating the time of evacuation of the employees based on the specific conditions, parameters that characterize the specifics of people behavior in case of fire, as well as the reliability of the notification and evacuation management system are proposed. Comparison is made between the suggested models and the models used in the normative documents in the field of fire safety on the example of the evacuation of the compressor shop personnel located at the time of fire in the compartments of gas pumping unit. It is shown that the developed models allow for a more complete assessment of all the factors that affect the probability of employee evacuation. The option of using the proposed models for calculating an individual risk value, which is proposed to be considered as a criterion for the assessment of the workplaces fire safety, is discussed in the article.