ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДИК (НА ПРИМЕРЕ «КИБЕРШАНТАЖА»)

Abstract

Traditionally, one of the key components of any methodology is the forensic character of the type of crime, often considered as a typical information model. The basis of this definition is, in our opinion, the need to model this type of crime by generalizing based on the study of large arrays of criminal cases, information about the criminally significant signs of the type of crime, and their natural connections. In the era of digitalization, new opportunities are opening up for the study and generalization of large arrays of forensically significant information using BigData technology. The use of information computer technologies in criminal activities makes it possible to commit different crimes (crimes against the person in economics, economic activities, public security and others) using the same methods. Therefore, the traditional unification of information models by types of crimes does not give necessary results. The article deals with the problems of formation and application of the foundations of a new doctrine of information-computer forensic models of computer crimes as part of the theory of information and computer support of the forensic activity. The subject of this teaching is the general laws for building information-computer models of computer crimes based on correlation ties. These are the ties of combinations of IT technologies and computer systems for implementing various methods of computer crimes, regardless of their type, with a traced picture as digital traces and with competencies in information computer technologies of the criminal and the injured party. The object of the study is forensically significant computer information about the used combinations of IT technologies and computer tools and systems. This is information about various methods of computer crimes, digital traces, including traces of the impact of ransomware, counterfeit information and computer products, characteristics of criminals and victims from the point of view of the degree of their proficiency in IT technologies. Information-computer models of computer crimes in the generalization of large arrays of information can serve as one of the key elements of private forensic methods of investigation. This approach is considered on the example of the investigation of extortion using the Internet - “cyber blackmail”. Options of “cyber blackmail” of individuals and organizations are considered and information and computer models are built for them. The authors determine the features of correlation of methods of crimes, the used computer tools and systems, objects of encroachment with the competencies of criminals (organized criminal groups) and victims in IT technologies.