Понятие власти в философско-политических концепциях Л.А. Тихомирова и Б.П. Вышеславцева

Abstract

The article provides a comparative analysis of two interpretations and methodological strategies for substantiating the idea of power, presented in the philosophical and political concepts of L.A. Tikhomirov and B.P. Vysheslavtsev. A problem-thematic method of analysis and presentation of the material in the research process was used. The article substantiates the thesis that both philosophers considered the concept of power in the general context of the Christian worldview and raised the question of the moral justification of power. The author shows that in L.A. Tikhomirov's conception, power, being the primary fact of social life, receives moral justification through service to God and the moral ideal of the nation; power is justified to the extent that it is the power of the idea, ideocracy. The article analyzes B.P. Vysheslavtsev's thesis about the incompatibility of the ideocratic model of state power with the Christian doctrine of freedom. The article shows that L.A. Tikhomirov considered power as the primary and constitutive principle of social life, not opposed to the idea of independence of personal existence; B.P. Vysheslavtsev, on the other hand, saw the essence of power in heteronomous coercion, incompatible with the presumption of the freedom and dignity of the individual. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the incompatibility of the two interpretations of power is explained not only by the fact that Russian philosophers defined the scope of the concept of "power" in different ways, but also by the fact that they were guided by various philosophical and anthropological presumptions. The author shows that L.A. Tikhomirov proceeded from the understanding of a person as a being striving not so much to rule over others, as to submit to the supreme power of an idea, while B.P. Vysheslavtsev saw the primary and natural intention of the human self in rebellion against a heteronomous authoritative order.