Взаимосвязь заболеваемости хроническими обструктивными легочным болезнями с распространенностью табакокурения среди населения Российской Федерации

Abstract

The article analyses morbidity and mortality caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases among the population of the Russian Federation in the period from 2011 to 2019. Two indicators were analyzed in the entire population: the absolute incidence numbers of newly established chronic and unspecified bronchitis, emphysema (J42-J43), and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J44); as well as mortality caused by these diseases, also measured in absolute numbers. To analyze the impact of the prevalence of tobacco smoking among the population on morbidity and mortality, the observation period was split into two time periods: 2011-2014 – before the adoption of Federal Law No. 15-FZ "On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of second-hand tobacco smoke, the consequences of tobacco consumption or the consequences of the consumption of nicotine-containing products", 2014-2019 – after the adoption of the law. Linear approximation was used to assess the dynamics of changes in the indicators, the dynamic trends of the indicators were built for the selected time periods. The results of the study showed that morbidity and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases after the adoption of Federal Law No. 15-FZ, resulting in the constant annual decrease in the prevalence of smoking in the Russian Federation, reversed from a steady increase to a steady decrease. However, the beginning of the decrease in mortality was observed later (2015) than the decrease of incidence (2014), and the rate of decrease in mortality was 2 times lower than the rate of decrease in incidence.