Отработка хирургических навыков в оториноларингологии с использованием кадаверного материала животных под руководством наставника

Abstract

Surgical training of specialized specialists in clinical residency requires the development of a wide range of general professional abilities for the possibility of further provision of qualified medical care. Competent mentoring plays an important part in the adaptation of a young doctor and contributes to their preparation for professional tasks. Training surgical skills is an integral part of the educational process in otorhinolaryngological practice. Previously, human cadaveric material was used to practice manual skills, but nowadays its use has heavy restrictions. The possibility of using animal cadaver material for practicing surgical skills led by a mentor in otorhinolaryngology was considered in the experimental and clinical work. Dissection of two heads of rams, three heads of rabbit, and two heads of pig was performed. The anatomical structure of experimental samples was studied in detail, using multispiral computed tomography with subsequent surgical dissection of the cadaver material. An endoscopic tube and a stationary binocular microscope were chosen as methods of optical visualization of the surgical field. Considering the peculiarities of the structure of the anatomy of animals, the optimal list of practicing surgical skills in practical otorhinolaryngology was determined, including paracentesis of the tympanic membrane, shunting of the tympanic cavity, mastoidectomy, ossiculoplasty, septoplasty, and sinusotomy.