Мотив «святой лжи» в стихотворении Коста Хетагурова «Сидзæргæс / Мать сирот» (ритуально-мифологический аспект)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the transition of traditional spiritual and moral values at the stage of modernization of Ossetian society in the late XIX – early XX centuries. A decisive role in the consideration of this problem is assigned to the creative heritage of Kosta Khetagurov, who managed to ensure the sustainable development of society at the stage of transition from folklore to literature. The main object of the study is one of his most famous poems, “Sidzærgæs / Mother of Orphans”. For the first time, the connection of this poem with folklore is revealed not with the help of a historical-ethnographic, but a ritual-mythological approach. The main goal will be to study not the motif of “cooking stones”, but the motif of “holy lie”, which does not act as a secondary tool, but the central core of the plot. From a spiritual and moral point of view, the main idea of the poem will be to demonstrate the indomitable strength of the spirit of a woman, taking care of her children. The sacralization of the everyday substitution of beans for stones occurs through the correlation of this substitution with the cult of the Ossetian lord of wolves – Tutyr / Totur, who drove stones into the mouth of his wards so that they could not steal sheep from people. At the same time, it is possible to show the identity of the heroine of the poem by Kosta Khetagurov and the folk legend about Zadalesky Nana, while making a clear distinction between the level of the patriarchal family and the entire Alanic people, put on the brink of survival as a result of a historical catastrophe.