Ретроспективний аналіз поширеності та інтенсивності карієсу тимчасових зубів у дітей гірських районів Закарпаття

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the prevalence and intensity of caries of temporary teeth among children in the mountain regions of Transcarpathia, taking into account the endemic features of the Transcarpathian region and its impact on the carious process. Materials and methods. The research was conducted among 135 students of the 1st – 2nd grades of Uzhhorod Secondary School No.20 Lyceum "Leader" (69 girls and 66 boys) and among 116 students of the 1st – 2nd grades of Rakhiv Secondary School No.1 of the 1st – 3rd grades (60 girls and 56 boys). Results and discussion. The mountain zone is 60–65% of the entire territory (Rakhiv, Tyachiv and Mukachevo districts). This territorial zone is characterized by a significant deficiency of fluoride, iodine and a number of micro- and macronutrients. The level of fluoride in the soil is 0.02–0.03 mg/l, in water – 0.3–0.5 mg/l. The foothill zone is represented by Khust district and makes 10–15% of the territory of the region. The level of fluoride in the soil is 0.02–0.025 mg/l, in water – 0.2–0.4 mg/l. The level of deficiency of micro- and macroelements (fluoride, iodine, calcium) is high, which is reflected in the health of the human body, including children, as its growth and development negatively affect the formation of organs and systems at a young age. In the lowlands, at an altitude of 110–200 m above sea level, there are Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Beregovo districts, which make up to 20–30% of the entire territory. The level of fluoride in the soil is 0.015–0.022 mg/l, in water – 0.1–0.3 mg/l. Given the fact that this area is biochemical in terms of fluoride and iodine deficiency, a significant percentage of the prevalence and intensity of caries is registered in this area. The mineral composition of the human body is constant, especially in childhood, which directly depends on the intake of micro- and macronutrients with food and drinking water. The role of micro- and macroelements is important for the proper functioning of all organs and systems. For example, calcium is a vital element for the development of the body, healthy bones and teeth, as well as the functioning of hematopoietic organs and the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. It is generally accepted that insufficient intake of fluoride and iodine in the human body leads to imbalance of de- and remineralization of enamel, and, accordingly, reduces the level of caries-resistant tooth enamel, which leads to destruction of the crystal lattice of enamel and defects in hard tissues. In regions with low content of fluorides and iodine in drinking water and soil, which also includes the Transcarpathian region, there is a significant prevalence and intensity of caries, both among children and adults, and therefore, the definition of these indicators remains relevant to present day