Abstract
Goal. To determine the most adapted wood breeds for plantation afforestation of different function in the conditions of drained peatlands of the Forest-Steppe. To study the peculiarities of growth and development of newly created forest crops in specific conditions of organogenic soils. To determine the influence of afforestation on the change of water-physical properties of drained organogenic soils. Methods. General scientific (hypotheses, inductions and deductions, analogies, generalizations) and special (field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical, computational) — for research and their generalization. Results. The best indicators of productivity in these conditions were shown by tree and bush willows, black poplar, sticky alder, and hybrids of Euro-American poplars. The optimal length of unrooted cuttings for the creation of energy plantations was 25 cm. For afforestation of black alder on drained organogenic soils, it is advisable to create forest crops with seedlings 1.0–1.2 m high according to the scheme 3.0×1.0 m, which ensures survival at the level of 98%. Over the last 52 years, the density of peat in the upper layer (0–30 cm) in the forest stand has not changed (the difference is 3%), while in the lower layers it has increased by 18–20%, but the soil density remains low (average 0.250 g/cm3) and high total moisture content (345%). The decrease in soil mineralization in forest stands compared to hayfields indicates a slowdown in the decomposition of peat organic matter under the forest, which is important for the preservation of peatlands. After the cycle of plantation afforestation, re-agricultural use of lands with improved water-physical properties of the soil is possible. Conclusions. The creation of forest plantations on drained organogenic soils is quite possible and expedient. With the use of different species composition and changes in planting density, you can create plantations of tree crops for different purposes. The highest indicators of productivity in these conditions had tree and bush willows, black poplar, alder sticky and hybrids of Euro-American poplars.
Highlights
September October average averageIt should be noted that 2007, 2009 and 2010 were arid years, which provided the lowest groundwater levels, and 2008 was characterized by more rainfall, which allowed to obtain optimal groundwater levels for major crops (average 70 cm per growing season)
One of the main tasks of drainage reclamation was and remains the expansion of areas for agricultural production
Reduction of fiber decomposition in forest stands compared to haymaking indicates a slowdown in the decomposition of peat organic matter under the forest, which is important for the preservation of peatlands
Summary
It should be noted that 2007, 2009 and 2010 were arid years, which provided the lowest groundwater levels, and 2008 was characterized by more rainfall, which allowed to obtain optimal groundwater levels for major crops (average 70 cm per growing season). Opportunities to select planting material from drained areas, local aborigines It was established (Table 2) that all studied breeds were characterized by good survival - 86.3 - 96.4% and intensive growth in height, up to 2.4 m per year. Willow plantations are more resistant than others to long-term stagnant moisture, and the technology of creation and use are similar to poplar. Shrub willows - three-stemmed and twig-shaped - should be singled out Their high productivity allows to receive in a two-year increment up to 45 tons of dry matter per hectare, which is equivalent to energy productivity in 314 GJ / ha. The technology of creating alder crops on drained peatlands is little different from crops on mineral soils [11], the lack of potassium inhibits the growth of seedlings in the first years after planting. Comparative characteristics of survival and growth of plantations of fast-growing species, data from 2008
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