Исторические формы интерпретации модального типа целостности: ересь монархиан-модалистов и образ Святой Руси

Abstract

The article considers two variants of interpretation of modal-type integralities. The first is represented by the heresy of the monarchists modalists and Savellians, which was widespread in the era of triadological disputes (the 3rd century). The denial by its representatives of the trinity of God and the recognition of the absolute identity of the natures of God, the Father and the Son, are considered not in the aspect of the history of triadological disputes but in the light of the interest of modern philosophy in the study of the modal type of integrity. The Sabellians make the definitions of God dependent on the ontological and anthropological conditions in which the experience of the epiphany and knowledge of God take place: God Himself determines His semantic aspects in each case, limiting Himself and setting the measure, form, and method of his manifestation in the world through revelation. The manifestations and definitions of God form a unity of a special type. Accordingly, statements about God necessarily turn out to be modal, since they speak of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit not as coexisting and consubstantial divine personalities, but as three modes (consistently realized forms) of the manifestation of God as One. Using the example of the image of Holy Russia, it is shown that the use of a modal approach in relation to phenomena endowed with the status of the sacred has become entrenched in Christian culture. They are produced by religious consciousness as initial spiritual wholes, which, however, are not directly given but are revealed under certain conditions in historical reality through their many forms (modes). Each of the forms carries the "nature" or essence of the original integrity; however, in their real existence, these forms (modes), having a single source, are still separate entities with different functions and goals, with their own history, spatial location, time frames, etc. At the same time, the original integrity, manifesting itself in each of its modes, is not their summative unity and cannot be "assembled" from them as from parts.