Abstract
Plants of hulled winter wheat spelt ( Triticum spelta L.) obtained from the seed collection of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources the Ukrainian Institute nd.a. Ya. Yuriev NAAS of Ukraine were grown in the field experiments under soil and climatic conditions of southern steppe zone of Ukraine. The characteristics of growth, formation of leaf surface, seed productivity and quality of grain were investigated. The comparative analysis of determined characteristics of spelt wheat and the similar indicators determined for winter wheat varieties ( T. aestivum L.) Selyanka and Kuyalnik common for the steppe zone was provided. It was found that under the conditions of farming, traditional for winter wheat in the our region, and under the adverse weather conditions for the formation of grain for the harvest, which were present in 2011-2012 year season in southern Ukraine, studied spelt wheat samples showed high field germination and fully passed all phenological phases of development. At the same time the later onset for the earing-flowering phase dates were found for the spelt wheat samples, compared to common wheat varieties. Plants of spelt wheat at the flowering phase were characterized by greater length and weight of vegetative parts, larger area and mass of fresh material from one plant leaves, and greater extent of chlorophyll content in leaves. An the phase of full ripeness ear and seed productivity of spelt wheat plants were 31 - 57% lower compared to the common wheat varieties, and the grain of spelt wheat differed in comparison with wheat with its biochemical composition. The grain of spelt wheat was characterized by higher content of total soluble protein and the protein from soluble fractions, compared to common wheat varieties. The grain hardness determined for the spelt wheat grain was lower compared to the common wheat of studied varieties, and at the same time the content of dry gluten in spelt wheat grain was higher compared to common wheat. Between different samples of spelt wheat the largest differences were observed in the indicators of seed productivity, while the differences between the defined biochemical parameters of grain quality were less significant.
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