АНАЛІЗ НАЯВНИХ СПОСОБІВ ЗАХИСТУ ЕЛЕКТРОМЕРЕЖІ ІЗ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНИМИ ДЖЕРЕЛАМИ ВІД ПЕРЕДАВАРІЙНИХ ТА АВАРІЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ

Abstract

When performing work [1], the system that controls the photovoltaic station and measures the parameters in it was considered. In particular, an interesting part is the shutdown of certain loads (asynchronous electric motors) at different values of the output power of the station. Factors in reducing this parameter can be caused not only by changes in external factors, such as changes in the level of solar insolation or changes in temperature or angle of the panels, but also electrical processes occurring in the network between leaving the photovoltaic plant and final consumption. In this experiment, these are asynchronous motors in the drive with frequency control. To ensure certain modes of photovoltaic, power plants and substations, they include devices and systems of control, monitoring and signaling, which is a separate part of the automated information management system. Control systems and devices have their advantages, for example, they are possible: - deploy and synchronize with the grid, as well as include parallel operation with power plant distribution generators; - turn on and off the elements of electrical systems; - to achieve switching in the electrical installation, regulating the operation of switches and disconnectors; - switch modes of operation in the electrical installation [2]. Therefore, the general system of diagnostics and monitoring of electrical networks to avoid accidents and pre-accidents is based on one topology, it includes three mandatory layers: - power management (top layer, which contains software, power quality control, etc.); - field level, where values measured from devices at the lower level are collected and converted from a non-electrical component (eg temperature values) to electrical for further transmission to the upper level; - level of sensors, here there is a direct measurement of the necessary values for their further processing at a higher level [3]. Power system management is reduced [4] to continuous control of parameters, which determines the modes of operation and sets the control effect on individual network elements through the use of special methods and technical electrical equipment. Forecasting of processes in the objects of control and monitoring, which makes early detection of potential damage to the elements, also allows you to generate warning messages about the possibility of an accident [3]. And this, in turn, will allow in case of violations to have enough time to conduct a detailed diagnosis and perform preventive measures that do not affect the object itself [4]. During such actions there is no emergency situation, and the localization of potential disturbances does not lead to sudden disturbances of the power grid [5].