ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ВОКАЛЬНОГО ИСКУССТВА В ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ: ОТ АНТИЧНОСТИ ДО НОВОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

Abstract

This article is devoted to the development of vocal art from Antiquity to Modern times. The author analyses ancient sources from Greece and Rome, which for the first time in the history of European culture provide information about vocal skills. Particular attention is paid to the Middle Ages, when vocal and instrumental culture develops in parallel with sacred music. The Renaissance marks the emergence of new genres and forms of vocal music, such as opera and ballet. The author also draws attention to the formation of national vocal schools from the XVIIth century onwards, highlighting their unique technical and artistic features: Italian technical skill and expressiveness, French sophistication and clear pronunciation, German high technique and musical thinking, English appeal to madrigal traditions and development of the vocal ensemble. Thus, the article examines the evolution of musical traditions and performance schools in various countries, identifying cultural, religious and social factors that influenced the formation of local characteristics. This overview allows us to better understand the historical context and evolution of vocal art, as well as its impact on the cultural diversity of humanity.