Организационные аспекты эвакуации промышленных предприятий в Казахскую ССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны

Abstract

This article touches upon the issue of evacuation policy implementation during the Great Patriotic War. As a research task, the authors identify an attempt to show how the industrial enterprises evacuation organized by the country’s leadership during the Great Patriotic War was carried out on the ground. The scientific originality lies in the appeal to previously not studied materials and documents from the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Basing on the analysis of the documents under consideration, the authors of the article come to the conclusion that there were a number of problems associated with inconsistency in decision-making regarding the evacuation of the population and equipment. For example, the problems occurred in matters of choosing route directions, echelon redirection points at the central and local levels, which ultimately had a negative impact on the deployment process, the effectiveness of restoration work at relocated enterprises and the health of the evacuees. Finally, the authors conclude that the organization of industrial enterprises evacuation was complicated not only by the absence of pre-prepared evacuation plans and the developed evacuation mechanism by the beginning of the war, but also by the practice of illegal readdressing of trains with evacuees, which led to general confusion, disorganization of the railway, evacuation points.