НАСЛЕДУЕМОСТЬ НЕКОТОРЫХ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННО ЦЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ У СЕЯНЦЕВ ВИНОГРАДА В ПОПУЛЯЦИИ ТАЛИСМАН х МАРКИЗА

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies (2021-2022) on assessing the economically valuable properties and isolation of heterotic seedlings in the population ‘Talisman x Marquiza’. In the work of breeding new grape varieties, much attention is paid to the variety Talisman, which is highly valued as a donor of such traits as early ripeness, large berry size, downy mildew, gray rot and frost resistance. The object of the study was seedlings in the amount of 18 pcs and initial forms, in which agrobiological records were provided in accordance with 13 traits. The studies were carried out in the breeding plot of Partenit village, South Coast of Crimea. The scheme of planting grape bushes was 3 × 1.5 m, bush training – one-shouldered Guyot in the non-irrigated plot. Heredity pattern and indicators of heterosis were determined in the population according to the following traits: «bunch weight», «fruitfulness coefficient», «shoot productivity in terms of the raw bunch weight», «mass concentration of sugars». A transitional heredity pattern of «bunch weight» trait with the effect of adverse dominance of paternal form Marquiza was established in the population ‘Talisman x Marquiza’. According to this trait, the seedling № 21-11-4-39 was isolated with the effect of heterosis +1.07 %. According to the trait «mass concentration of sugars», true heterosis with the effect of +16.0 % was established in the studied family. Correspondence of the trait «fruitfulness coefficient» in initial forms and offspring was registered. Percentage content – 27.8 % of seedlings, № 21-11-4-31, № 21-11-4-37, № 21-11-4-38, № 21-11-4-49, № 21-11-4-50, heterotic according to this trait, were isolated (the effect of heterosis ranged from +22.0 % to +121.3 %). The indicator of dominance degree of shoot productivity according to the raw bunch weight trait shows a hybrid depression. Three seedlings, superior to the best form of Talisman in this indicator with the effect of heterosis from +2.96 % to +36.29 % were isolated in the population.