Создание функциональной подсистемы по предупреждению и ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций на водном транспорте

Abstract

The relevance of the study is based on the need to improve the Unified State System of Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies in order to increase the safety level in case of accidents of natural and anthropogenic origins in water transport industry facilities. In the field of functional subsystems of water transport, the focus is made on eliminating marine and internal waterway oil and petroleum product spills as well as the search and rescue operations during marine emergencies. At the same time, the scope of emergencies in water transport that can be environmentally hazardous is more extensive and includes fires and explosions, discharges of non-petroleum dangerous goods (for example, coal, sulfur, chemical goods, etc.) The Unified State System is regulated in conditions of insufficient scientific substantiation of the principles of construction, organization, and use of functional subsystems. Therefore, the study aims to substantiate the necessity to establish and develop structural schemes of a new functional subsystem that includes functioning modes, management bodies, responsibility levels, logistical and financial support. For this purpose, the existing functional subsystems have been analyzed, and the development of an integral functional subsystem to prevent and eliminate emergencies in water transport has been proposed. Methods of decomposition of emergencies and generalization of information on the operation of other transports as well as the analysis of regulatory legal acts outlining certain issues of the operation of these functional subsystems have been used. The characteristics to determine the extent of emergency danger have been formulated; the detailed characteristics of levels of a functional subsystem to prevent and eliminate a wide range of various emergencies have been provided based on the example of marine water transport; the subsystem tasks for various levels of emergency have been formulated.