Новий екстрасильний сорт пшениці м’якої озимої Мудрість одеська, адаптований до посушливих умов

Abstract

Goal. To study the productivity, grain quality, and adaptive properties of a new variety of soft winter wheat Mudrist Odeska in comparison with the standards. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, statistical, computational, experiment, analysis. Results. Studies showed that the new variety Mudrist Odeska in many parameters of morphological characteristics, agrobiological properties, and especially the quality of the grain, differed significantly from other registered varieties. In terms of variety, Mudrist Odeska is similar to the first universal variety Albatros Odeskyi, which is a masterpiece of domestic selection in terms of agrobiological valuable traits. The variety has an increased need for vernalization (40–45 days), which is considered a positive, as it delays the onset of reproductive rudiments in the autumn, and increases the resistance of the genotype to adverse factors during the winter. This allows to sow the variety in the early stages of sowing. Plants of the variety are characterized by high frost and winter hardiness, good drought, and heat resistance. It is noted that the grain of Mudrist Odeska variety contains not only a high mass fraction of protein (13.3–14.6%) and gluten (29–34%), but also has specific maximum physical and technological parameters of extra strong wheat with a strength of 486–527 a.u., which exceeds the standard Podolianka by 0.7–1.2% by mass of protein, by 2–3% — by mass of gluten, and by 90–130 a.u. — by the power of flour. The variety combines many important genetically determined properties — good productivity, high flour strength, and drought resistance. Conclusions. Variety Mudrist Odeska in terms of productivity, grain quality, and adaptive properties far exceeds the powerful standard variety Podolianka, it also has an exceptional combination of the best ratio of plasticity and stability at the same time with high yields and strength of the flour. These properties of the studied variety distinguish it from other registered varieties, and it may be recommended for distribution in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones.