НАУЧНЫЕ ВОЗЗРЕНИЯ НА ФЕНОМЕН ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В РАКУРСЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ТИПА

Abstract

The concept of a post-industrial economy is based on the new system of capital and the economy’s innovative development when the changes of the dominant capital and labor character are the features of the global economic transformation. It is proved, that the human capital – accumulated knowledge, productive capacity of the population used in the economic activity – turns out to be a form of the social capital. In these circumstances, the course direction of the Russian economic policy aimed at the innovative development can be implemented due to the accumulation of human capital. It is proved, that the developed labor potential is a prerequisite to the formation of the human capital phenomenon. Knowledge and human productive capacity in the sphere of labor potential problems are of the interest from the perspective of a possibility to implement the economic goals, and in the sphere of human capital problems – from the perspective of a possibility to make a profit to its owner. Human capital is a profitable economic asset. The essential comparison of the economic categories of “intellectual capital”, “intellectual property”, “human capital”, and “non-material assets” allowed discovering that these categories are the core of the world’s innovative development affecting each other and providing mutual development. Human capital is the main component of the intellectual capital. The authors formulated two opposite scientific opinions on the human capital phenomenon: the theory of human capital as the reflection of objective law of social development and the theory of human capital as the product of political direction based on the objective economic law, the reaction to the challenges of a new era of technological transformations when the knowledge is the most progressive productive power of humanity and the owner of production means becomes dependent on a person who owns professional knowledge and labor skills.