Abstract
The research was carried out on southern carbonate black soil in the central zone of Orenburg region. The aim of the study was to study the relation between the vegetation season duration and the interphase periods of spring wheat and the air temperature regime and productivity. Rise of climate aridity as well as rise of temperature stress on the plant due to lack of precipitation leads to changes in crop phenology towards reduction of the growing season duration. The dependence of wheat yield on average daily and maximum air temperature for interphase periods was studied, their adaptive parameters were specified: for average temperature for the period from germination to earing - 10.5 ° С and 19.7 ° С for the period from earing to full ripeness. The actual data on duration of the interphase vegetation periods of spring wheat in different years on favourableness are given. Reliable correlations between the yield and the duration of the interfacial periods of the growing season are established. The variety specificity in the studied variants of the experiment is shown. As a result of the study, it was found that the relative duration of the vegetation season for spring wheat in the Orenburg Cis-Urals zone is 91 days with a yield level of 27.4 dt/ ha. A sharp (by 15 days) reduction of the growing season duration leads to a yield decrease to 2.8 dt/ ha.
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