Влияние различных типов и видов мелиорации на восстановление и повышение плодородия деградированных почв

Abstract

Purpose: to analyze the experience of domestic and foreign scientists in using various types of land reclamation to restore and increase the fertility of degraded soils under irrigation and rainfed conditions. Discussion. The overview of research papers, domestic and foreign literary sources, concerning the impact of various types of reclamation on the restoration of degraded soils is presented. The options for using various types of land reclamation, depending on the type and degree of soil degradation are considered. The timely application of various types of reclamation (hydro-reclamation, chemical, cultural, technical, agroforestry reclamation), separately and in a complex of measures, makes it possible to stop the degradation processes occurring in soil (salinization, oxidation, waterlogging, compaction, desertification, various types of erosion) and contributes to the restoration and increasing soil fertility. The use of various types of reclamation improved the agrophysical, water-physical and chemical properties of soils, increased the content of humus, contributed to the stimulation of accumulation of organic matter in soil, and increased the biometric indicators of cultivated crops, which was reflected in an increase of the given crops yield. Conclusions. The study of the results of domestic and foreign scientists work allows conclude that the preservation and restoration of soil fertility in agricultural areas used is impossible without the use of land reclamation. The use of hydrotechnical, biological, chemical, cultural, agrotechnical reclamation, both separately and in complex, makes it possible to increase the level of soil fertility prone to salinization, oxidation, waterlogging, compaction, desertification, and various types of erosion.