ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НА КОМПОНЕНТЫ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВИНОДЕЛЬЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА)

Abstract

Agriculture has a negative impact on environmental components. This exposure is mainly due to the use of pesticides, fertilizers and other toxic agricultural chemicals. And wine production is no exception, the process of growing grapes and processing them into wine also contributes to these effects. Using a method called life cycle assessment (LCA), the impact on environmental components of the life cycle of various products can be assessed and compared. In this article, we present some of the main stages of the wine's life cycle. To determine the environmental impact of an agricultural product, it is necessary to conduct a life cycle analysis of an individual product. The life cycle of wine production is divided into the following stages: production, transportation, storage, processing and completion of the product life cycle – consumption. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the winery on the environment. In the course of the research, methods were used to assess the impact of the life cycle of food products on environmental components: the method of balance schemes and the method of relevant tables (ABC-analysis), which allow taking into account incoming (raw materials, resources, including fuel and energy), outgoing (solid waste, gas emissions, wastewater) and risky environmental aspects. For comparative analysis, methods have been developed to assess the impact of the life cycle of wine products obtained by traditional and biodynamic methods on environmental components. It has been revealed that solid and liquid waste products have the greatest negative impact on the environment. The results obtained are aimed at improving the environmental safety of the enterprise and reducing its harmful effects on the environment. Key words: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT, BALANCE CHARTS, RELEVANT TABLES, ABC-ANALYSIS