Abstract
As a result of the breeding of pea peas, the yield of varieties increases, and its stability over the years decreases as a result of a decrease in their resistance to stressful environmental factors. Studies were carried out in 2006-2008 on the basis of the Orel State Agrarian University and the Research Institute of Grain-Bean and Groat Crops in the Orel Region. The article presents the results of a study on the peculiarities of the resistance of purple-flowered peas plants to stressful environmental factors (drought, diseases and pests) in the aspect of breeding for adaptability. Under dry conditions, modern purple-flowered peas had 2.3 times the number of beans and seeds, while older varieties produced 1.7 times less than normal conditions of moisture. The pigment composition (carotenoids and anthocyanins) plays important role in resistance to abiotic stressors of purple-flowered peas, and protects the plant photosystem. It has been established that modern purple-flowered peas are characterized by increased resistance to some pests (pea moth and trips), and by resistance to aphid and moth, the variety specimen UsP 98-393 was distinguished, and it can be recommended for use in breeding. Purple-flowered peas are more resistant to seed infection. The total contamination of seeds in white flowered pea varieties was at 40%, while in peples, its value was 10 times lower, and in some varieties (Natasha and Nadezhda) there was no seed damage. This is due to the accumulation of a large amount of protein inhibitors of the enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin, the high activity of the protein inhibitors of polygalacturonase, as compared to regular peas, and the formation of a thicker (on average 7%) and massive seed coat (on average, 25 %). Purple-flowered peas have a higher environmental resistance than white-flowered varieties.
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