ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИСХОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА СОРТООБРАЗЦОВ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА ПО ПРИЗНАКУ «ПЛОЩАДЬ КОРЗИНКИ» В УСЛОВИЯХ НИЖНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

The article presents the results of a three-year study of the combinatory ability of sunflower (HelianthusannuusL.) varieties on the trait “basket’s area” by the topcross method. The experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 in the fields of Russian Research, Design and Technology Institute of Sorghum and Corn. The experiment was repeated three times. The plant density was 4.5 plants per m2. The area of the plots was 7.7 m2 (two rows 5.5 m long; row spacing was 70 cm). The initial material for the study consisted of 43 samples of domestic and foreign selection. Three sterile lines (KSP232, KSP228, SE16b) were used as testers. The meteorological conditions in the years of the experiment were different. The hydrothermal coefficient (May-August) was 0.481 in 2016, 0.975 in 2017, and 0.521 in 2018. Sunflower varieties with high effects of common combining ability (CCA) were identified: 2016 for Veydelevsky, Melin, Krepysh, Fortimi; 2017 – Patriot, Fortimi; 2018 – Sholohovsky, Fortimi. Relatively stable high effects of CCA were found for the Fortimi genotype. The variety Lubo had the highest dispersion of specific combining ability (SCA) for three years of the experiment, and the Fortimi genotype had relatively high and stable indicators. These varieties can serve as a basis to create hybrids with high heterosis. Among the testers, a high effect of CCA was observed in YuV16b, and a high variance in KSP228. The effects of SCA of experimental hybrids varied from year to year. The cross KSP232/Lubo showed high values in years with higher humidity at the beginning of vegetation. The F1 hybrid KSP228/Lyubo demonstrated high effects of SCA during the years of contrasting moisture availability (2017 and 2018). The experimental hybrids KSP228/Krepysh, YuV16b/Svetlana, KSP232/Stepnoy 81, KSP228/Patriot, YuV16b/Fortimi, KSP228/YuVS3 and YuV16b/YuVS3 showed low but consistently positive values under different environmental conditions. According to the ratio of the mean squares of the deviations of the CCA/SCA, the additive effects of the genes predominated over the dominant ones.