ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СНИЖЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКИ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ЛЕТНЕЙ ПОСАДКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОРОШЕНИЯ

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the productivity of agrocenosis when using various types of fertilizers by the example of growing summer planting potatoes under irrigation. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in Oktyabrsky district Rostov region. The experimental scheme includes: option 1 – without the fertilizers application (control); option 2 – manure application; option 3 – manure and mineral fertilizers application; option 4 – green manure application; option 5 – green manure and mineral fertilizers application. Soil moisture in all variants of the experiment was maintained at a level of at least 80 % of the lowest soil moisture capacity. Reducing the chemical load is envisaged by the organic fertilizer application. Results. On average, over the years of research in the control variant, the yield of root crops was 35.3 t/ha. The organic fertilizers application made it possible to obtain an increase in yield in comparison with the control variant of more than 8 t/ha. The best indicators are the variants in which organic and mineral fertilizers were used together. So, in option 3, after the manure and mineral fertilizers application, the yield of potato tubers was 53.1 t/ha. In option 5, after plowing green manure and applying mineral fertilizers, taking into account the nutrients that have entered the soil, the yield was obtained in the amount of 52.3 t/ha. Conclusions. To achieve the highest yields of summer planting potatoes, it is necessary to build a nutrition system so that it includes both organic and mineral fertilizers. From an economic point of view, when growing summer planting potatoes, a decrease in the chemical load on agrocenosis and a transition from intensive farming to ecological farming take place. In the process of agribusiness transition to environmentally safe production of agricultural products, one should adhere to the technology of growing food staff based on the organic fertilizers application.