Разработка модели миграции мышьяка по почвенному профилю из накопленных отходов горно-перерабатывающей промышленности

The article is devoted to the current problem of the industrial town Tekeli of the Zhetysu Region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the area of operation the Tekeli mining and processing complex, based on TMPC LLP, where widespread pollution of water resources is observed. The main pollutant of its water basin is industrial waste of the operating enterprise located on the sites of the mining and processing complex. The water of the Karatal River is under intense pressure from the toxic components of the mining industry, which is located in the zone of the densest river network. This co-arrangement contributes to the fact that substances with gaseous, liquid and solid waste inevitably enter the river network. As a result, the nature of the deterioration in surface water quality in the Zhetysu region is becoming a steady trend. Of significant interest for the development of sorption methods for the purification of industrial effluents is the use of aluminosilicates - bentonites, as the most common and cheap. However, in a natural state without activation, they often do not have a high sorption capacity, which entails an increased consumption of them. It became necessary to obtain activated sorbents with a higher sorption capacity from natural mineral raw materials of aluminosilicates. The purpose of this work is to develop an innovative technology for cleaning industrial effluents from heavy metals using a natural sorbent – bentonite. The authors in the study used bentonite as a sorbent, as the most common and cheapest sorbent in this region. However, in their natural state without activation they often do not have a high sorption capacity, which causes increased consumption. There was a need to obtain activated sorbents with a higher sorption capacity from the natural mineral raw material bentonite for development technologies of advanced treatment of industrial effluents containing heavy metals (Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+).

Impact of heterogeneous aquifer materials on sorption capacities and sorption dynamics of organic contaminants

This article reports on oil sorption behavior of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics made from milkweed, kapok, cotton and polypropylene fibers using air-lay and carding technologies. The effects of fiber and fabric parameters on oil sorption and retention capacities, and oil sorption rate and fabric strength were investigated. Fabrics made using natural fibers such as milkweed and cotton were found to selectively absorb oil over water. Milkweed and kapok nonwovens displayed higher oil sorption and retention capacities as compared to cotton and polypropylene nonwovens. Further, milkweed and kapok nonwovens exhibited higher oil sorption rate as compared to cotton and polypropylene nonwovens. The porosity of nonwoven fabric was found to play a vital role in determining the oil sorption capacity. Although the web-forming technology did not affect the oil sorption and retention capacities and oil sorption rate, it affected the fabric strength significantly. Cotton nonwoven kept on artificial sea water for 10 days displayed very low water sorption capacity, although the nonwovens produced using natural fibers exhibited preferential sorption of oil over water and high oil sorption and retention capacities; which are advantageous in using them as oil sorbents to cleanup oil spills on oceans, but they offered low fabric strength. These findings indicate that further research works are required to improve the strength of natural fiber nonwovens for sustainable oil spill removal.

All the oceans are plentiful with marine algae. Non‐viable marine macroalgae are able to adsorb heavy metal ions. Compared with other biosorbents, such as fungi, bacteria, yeasts and microalgae, they have the advantage of being easily available, cheap and having high heavy metal sorption capacities. The by‐products of marine phaeophyceae are even more cost‐effective heavy metal biosorbers.Experiments of heavy metal sorption using non‐viable Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum and algal by‐products were carried out to investigate the factors influencing and optimizing the heavy metal biosorption.The pH value, biomass concentration, heavy metal concentration, heavy metal species, competing ions, algal varieties and time were the most decisive parameters. The sorption isotherms showed increasing sorption capacities and decreasing sorption efficiencies with an increase in the initial heavy metal concentration. Sorption kinetics of different metals were established. Biomass concentration influenced the sorption efficiencies very much, but reduced the sorption capacity per g biomass. The pH value controlled the sorption (pH 3–7) and desorption (pH 1–2) decisively.Beside heavy metal contaminated model waters, actual industrial effluents were treated successfully by algal sorbents in batch experiments and continuous column tests.Transmission electron micrographs of different contaminated and untreated algal specimens are available.

Sorbents are substances binding other substances on their surface. Effective sorbents have a porous surface. The adsorption activity of the surface is closely related to the local radius of curvature of surface irregularities. Suitable sorbents are natural and synthetic solids of amorphous or microcrystalline structure (Kyncl, Pavolova, Kyseľova, 2008). Globally, the following adsorbents are the most used: activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, activated alumina (Bakalar et al., 2005). A characteristic of effective adsorbents is large surface area of hundreds of m 2 .g -1. Other important features of adsorbents include specific volume, porosity, average pore diameter, pore distribution, etc. For sorption of heavy metal cations some natural materials or industrial waste with high sorption capacity, which naturally reduces the overall cost of their disposal, can be used. Some of low-cost sorbents are: lignin, chitin, seaweed / algae, zeolites, clays, fly-ash, peat, sand grains coated with iron oxide, modified cotton and wool (Pavolova, Bakalar, Kyseľova, 2006). In experiments of Cu and Zn removal from wastewater the following adsorbents were used (Bakalar et al., 2005): Lewatit S100 is strongly acidic, gel-like cationic ion exchange resin with particles of equal size based on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Monodisperse beads are chemically and osmotically highly stable. Chitosan is prepared from chitin, naturally occurring in the shells of crustaceans, by deacetylation using strongly alkaline solution. Chitin is a homopolymer composed of β-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The ability of crustaceans shells to bind metal ions is assigned to the presence of oxoskeleton in the molecule of chitin and chitosan. Synthetic zeolite, which is the included in the group of aluminosilicates, was prepared by zeolitization of fly-ash from energy industry. Bentonite is included in the group of hydrated aluminosilicates, the main ingredient is mineral montmorillonite. Slovakia is an inorganic composite sorbent made from pure natural ingredients. In removal of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ cations the aspect of time, i.e. the time the specific sorbent reaches the maximum sorption capacity for the heavy metal removed, is also important. The experimental measurements of cations sorption using the above mentioned sorbents are made at the initial concentration of 10 mg.l -1 of heavy metal. The time aspect of separation of Cu 2+ cations from model solutions of wastewater reached relatively very good results because the time to reach the equilibrium for all sorbent was about 60 seconds except for chitosan for which it was almost 2 minutes. The equilibrium of Zn 2+ cations sorption was reached by about 80 seconds at the experimental measurements for all the selected sorbents except for chitosan for which this time was 2 minutes 5 seconds. This time was on average around 20 minutes longer compared to the sorption of Cu 2+ ions. The sorption of Pb 2+ cations was carried out at the experimental measurements in about 83 seconds for all the selected sorbents, except for synthetic zeolite for which the time was 1 min 15 s. The sorption of Pb 2+ cations compared to the cations of Cu 2+ was 23 s faster and compared to the cations of Zn 2+ was 3 s longer. From the used sorbents the most appropriate for the removal of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Pb 2+ is Lewatit S100, the equilibrium was reached in approximately 35 s, 45s, and 83 s for Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Pb 2+ , respectively. According to the experimental measurements the longest adsorption time was for chitosan – about 2 minutes for Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ , and about 1.5 minutes for Pb 2+ .

“Food Processing Waste Management : Treatment and Utilization Technologies” is a reference-cum-text book written in crisp and scientifically authentic language for teachers, scientists, researchers, students, industry managers, as well as all those who have a stake in food processing wastes management and utilization. It presents the latest information on the problems of wastes generated from various food industries. The contents have been divided into 14 s namely; Food Processing Industrial Wastes– Present Scenario, Impact of Food Industrial Waste on Environment, Grain Processing Wastes Management, Waste Utilization – Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry, Milk and Dairy Wastes Management, Meat Processing Wastes Management, Fish Processing Wastes Management, Spices and Condiments Industrial Wastes Management, Sugar and Jaggery Industrial Wastes Management, Fruit Kernel and Oilseed Processing Wastes Management, Utilization of Waste from Food Fermentation Industry, Food Processing Waste Treatment Technology, Hospitality Industry Wastes Management and Future Wastes Management – Nanotechnology. All the segments of Food Industry have been dealt with separately by specialists with respect to their wastes management technology. Special emphasis has been laid on the potential methods of utilization of the wastes for recovery of useful products and a supplementary means of checking pollution by their profitable utilization and disposal. The profitable utilization of the food industrial wastes would not only fetch extra profits to the industry but would also reduce the pollution load in the environment. The special feature of the book is that it covers different developments made right from the basic technologies generated for wastes management to the recent advancements and future areas of research to be done on the subject. Under undergraduate and post-graduate degree or diploma programmes of food science, food technology and postharvest Technology, fermentation technology, waste management as a subject is taught in almost all the agricultural universities in India as well as abroad .The book is expected to be very useful to the students of these disciplines. It is hoped that the treatise would be of immense value to all and would certainly open an insight into food waste management technology in the fast growing food processing industry.

The unregulated discharge of pollutants into water bodies has become an issue that led to pollution. Fiber derived from various forms of agricultural wastes as the sorbent is widely used as it has a high sorption capacity and efficiency. It is environmentally friendly and could be cost-effective as it only utilizes the unwanted parts of plants, which usually would otherwise be discarded. The pineapple crown leaf (PCL) and other plants with high cellulose content have potential for environmental applications. Oil pollutants, particularly waste cooking oil (WCO) from the food and beverage industry, often contaminate water bodies due to poor waste management. Using cellulose-rich plants like PCL could offer an effective solution for absorbing these pollutants. This study examines the characteristics and sorption capacities of raw, NaOH treatment PCL, and carbonized PCL to develop an effective, eco-friendly method for oil spill remediation. The methodology involves washing, drying, grinding, and sieving PCL to obtain a powdered PCL. Then, raw PCL (RPCL) undergoes chemical treatment with 10% sodium hydroxide, NaOH and thermal treatment at 300 °C. The raw and treated PCL were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The elimination of some non-cellulosic components in NaOH-treatment PCL (CPCL) and carbonized PCL (TPCL) observed in the FTIR spectrum would contribute to higher sorption efficiency and capacity of WCO. In agreement with the results from FTIR analysis, the highest sorption efficiency in pure oil was shown by TPCL at 33% and CPCL in slick oil at 16.33%. The highest value for pure and slick oil recorded for sorption capacity was 9.23 g g−1 from TPCL samples and 4.3 g g−1 from CPCL samples. This study supports sustainable waste management and green technology for environmental remediation, highlighting PCL's potential in mitigating oil pollution and the value of agricultural waste in creating eco-friendly solutions for oil disposal challenges.

The aim of this report is to focus on competitive sorption of strongly basic anion-exchange resin (BO020) in model solutions similar to on-site sulfuric acid solutions obtained by leaching the Uch-Kuduk deposit ores. The BO020 resin was applied to a modeling study of the uranium and competitive ions sorption in sulfuric acid solutions at pH = 1.2 and a concentration of 7 g/l of sulfate ions. The chemical composition of the salt solution after sulfuric acid ore leaching was as follows: U6+ - 0.1-0.5 g/L; Fe3+ - 0.07-0.7 g/L , Fe2+ - 0.07- 0.7 g/L; SO42- - 7.0 - 13.0 g/L; P5+ - 0.08-0.2 g/L; Cl- - 0.15 - 0.3 g/L; Si4+ – 0.085 - 0.3 g/L; Al3+ - 0.01 - 0.164 g/L, Ca2+ - 0.5 - 0.7 g/L. The BO020 resin has fairly high uranium uptake and sorption capacities, but phosphorus, iron, aluminum, and manganese sorption capacities are very small. The nitrate and chloride ions have high sorption capacities only at high concentrations in solution. The results can be used to make the best choice of ion exchanger application for underground leaching of uranium.

Exfoliated graphite with γ-Fe2O3 for the removal of oil and organic pollutants from the water surface: Synthesis, Mossbauer study, sorption and magnetic properties

The paper considers a conceptual set of economic and mathematical problems, whose solution increases the efficiency of an innovative coal cluster that combines coal mining and processing industries. The effectiveness of the innovative clustering of coal mining is analyzed from three perspectives: for the regional economy, the cluster itself, and each of the cluster members. Thus, the paper studies the triune effect of the raw material cluster. In the course of the paper, the authors used the method of case study to consider the parameters of the raw material cluster “Complex Processing of Coal and Industrial Waste” in Kuzbass (Russia) to present a formalized description and calculate the general task of determining the triune effect of clustering coal mining and processing industries. The study results allow for more efficient development and application of technologies for complex and effective coal processing.

Physicochemical and sorption characteristics of Malaysian Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. as a natural oil sorbent

Propylene and acetylene are released to mine air with the increase in the temperature of self-heating coal. Concentrations of these gases in mine air are applied as indicators of the progress of the self-heating process. Hydrocarbons emitted from the self-ignition center are sorbed on coal, while migrating through the mine workings. Coal crushed during the mining process is characterized by a high sorption capacity, which facilitates the sorption phenomena. This results in the decrease in hydrocarbons content in mine air, and in the subsequent incorrect assessment of the development of the self-heating process. The results of the experimental study on propylene and acetylene sorption on Polish coals acquired from operating coal mines are presented in this paper. Bituminous coal is characterized by a high sorption capacity with respect to unsaturated hydrocarbons, like propylene and acetylene. The sorbed volumes depend on the grade of metamorphism, porosity, and chemical characteristics of coal. Low level of metamorphism, increased porosity, and oxygen content result in higher sorption capacity of coals. The reduction in grain size of coals also results in the increased sorption capacity with respect to hydrocarbons. The most significant increase in the volumes of sorbed propylene and acetylene with the decrease in grain class was observed for coals of low porosity, high grade of metamorphism, and low to medium sorption capacities. The 10-fold decrease in coal grain size resulted in the 3 to 6-fold increase in the volume of sorbed propylene, and 2-fold increase for acetylene. The decrease in grain size results in higher accessibility of pore structure, increased pore volume and area, and higher number of active centers interacting with hydrocarbons of dipole characteristics. For coals with low grade metamorphism, high porosity, and high sorption capacity the volumes of sorbed propylene and acetylene increased only slightly with the decrease in coal grain size.

A high-capacity oil sorbent is fabricated by electrospinning a polystyrene and polyacrylonitrile blend. The influences of several processing parameters including the spinning solution concentration, environmental temperature, applied voltage, relative humidity, and inner diameter of the metal needle on the morphology and oil sorption capacity are investigated. All the parameters are found to have an effect on the morphology and sorption capacity; furthermore, the relative humidity plays an important role in determining the fiber surface roughness. The highest sorption capacity is obtained under the following conditions: the spinning solution concentration is 18%, the environmental temperature is 30℃, the applied voltage is 25 kV, the relative humidity is 40%, and the nozzle inner diameter of metal needle is 0.6 mm. This produces a fibrous sorbent with uniform morphology, a thinner diameter, and the highest sorption capacity. The maximum sorption capacities of the polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile sorbent for pump oil, peanut oil, diesel, and gasoline are 194.85, 131.7, 66.75, and 43.38 g/g, respectively. Polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile fiber is compared with polystyrene fiber through mechanical tests. The sorption kinetic data for the four oils could be well described by the pseudo-second order rate equation. The sorption equilibrium time for pump oil, peanut oil, diesel, and gasoline was 56.27, 16.24, 5.16, and 3.52 min, respectively.

Shale gas potential of the major marine shale formations in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China, Part II: Methane sorption capacity

The use of woody and shrubby plants with a developed root system and a large biomass in the technology of phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals is analyzed. Woody plants can be used in the process of phyto-recovery of urban systems as long-term absorbers of heavy metal ions from the soil. The main mechanisms of phytoremediation of contaminated urban areas with the help of trees and shrubs are considered. The sorption capacity of cobalt, manganese and chromium ions by some species of woody and shrubby plants has been studied. The accumulation of heavy metals by seedlings under conditions of soil contamination with cobalt, manganese and chromium ions was studied. The transfer factor of cobalt, manganese and chromium ions was determined for the studied plant species. Species-hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, Gleditsia triacanthos L., Caragána arboréscens L., have been identified, which can be used for phytorestoration of soils of the technogenic region contaminated with cobalt, manganese and chromium ions. Low concentrations of cobalt, manganese and chromium were noted in the seedlings of Quercus robur L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the aerial part, which indicates their ability to exclude heavy metal ions from their aerial parts. It has been established that seedlings of Gleditsia triacanthos L., Caragána arboréscens L., resistant to soil pollution, due to their excellent adaptability, even on degraded and contaminated with heavy metals soil of the experimental plot, have a high level of biomass accumulation without reliable facts of inhibition of growth processes. During the controlled process of phytoremediation carried out in the field, their high sorption capacity was noted, which makes it possible to recommend these species for use in technologies for the restoration of soils contaminated with heavy metal ions.