Особливості міжнародних операцій з підтримання миру і безпеки в умовах сучасних воєнних конфліктів

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The content of the mandates for UN peacekeeping operations (PKO) has not changed over the last 20 years and based on three key principles: consent, impartiality and restrictions on the use of force. At the same time, the forms of their holding have undergone significant changes and have the following features: multidisciplinary, complex, integrated, combined, centralized. Such missions are called “hybrid”.The purpose of the article is to analyze the hybrid forms of conducting UN peacekeeping operations.The goal of hybrid missions is to achieve political goals, not military ones. To this end, a politically complex cooperation agreement is concluded in advance between two or more security organizations that provide resources for the peacekeeping mission; management, both at the military-political level and operational for all organizations and forces participating in the mission, is carried out from a single center (headquarters), ensures the preservation of the individuality of organizations involved in the conflict. Such features provide a higher level of integration of strategic and operational resources.However, hybrid missions can also have negative consequences: enabling individual states to interfere in the internal affairs of their former satellites, especially against unpopular governments, using conflicting international legal norms of aggression and intervention, to become a “cover” to advance the interests of influential local and external actors through an international mandate. Although equal cooperation between the UN and regional organizations seems effective at this stage, it will not necessarily be effective in maintaining peace and security in other parts of the world.Thus, PKOs have been transformed from a tool for mitigating the intensity of military conflict and facilitating the resolution of conflicts between states by deploying unarmed or lightly armed military personnel under UN command on the line of contact between hostile parties (traditional peacekeeping) into hybrid peacekeeping operations to reach peace agreements between the main actors in the conflict. The new hybrid form of UN missions includes multi-level integration and interaction, and has more political influence over the parties to the conflict. This is a real success of the hybrid model, and it is unlikely that an alternative will be found, despite the difficulties in its planning and management, and less than expected, the probability of success. Therefore, the number of hybrid PKO is likely to increase in the future.