Эффективность возделывания озимой пшеницы по различным стерневым фонам в агроландшафте зоны Центрального Предкавказья

Abstract

Abstract. The research results are devoted to assessing the effectiveness of cultivating winter wheat on various taxonomic elements (taxa) of the agrolandscape: the outskirts of the plakor (A1), the root slope of the SE exposure (A2), the lower part of the root slope (A4), the root slope of the SV exposure (A4) using the stubble system backgrounds, including three options: stubble (control); leaving stubble and plant residues; removal of stubble and plant residues in the zone of unstable moistening of the Central Ciscaucasia. Soils of taxa of light-loamy granulometric composition, range of agrochemical parameters: humus 2.65–3.85%; P2O5 15.7–21.1 mg/kg; K2O 127.5–189.8 mg/kg. The method of dimensions determined the possibility, according to the humidity and the presence of plant residues, to predict the relative biological activity of the soil, taking into account the adaptation coefficient C, obtained experimentally for a specific type of soil. Over the years of research, the amount of precipitation of the early spring period (March) averaged 58 mm, and of the late spring period (May) 126 mm. Statistical processing of experimental data on the biological activity of the soil, according to the degree of decomposition of flax linen at different levels of moisture, showed the greatest biological activity in the lower part of the root slope (A3) – 35 %. Established a significant increase in the yield of winter wheat on the facial elements A2, A3 and A4 in comparison with the poster (A1), amounting to 4.2; 14.3 and 5.5 c/ha, respectively, with the highest yield observed in the lower part of the root slope (A3) – 33.3 c/ha. Stubble backgrounds are not a significant factor in the formation of a crop of winter wheat, the yield on stubble backgrounds is 24.8–25.2 c/ha.