Социальная работа как феномен современного мира и ее влияние на процессы социального развития

Social and economic development is a difficult process in which positive and negative factors interact that causes rises and recessions in development of territories and public communities. Indicators of rating act as indicators of efficiency of management decisions at the central and local levels. However, the level of economic development doesn’t coincide with social development in most of regions of Ukraine.
 The purpose of article is adaptation of a matrix method to rating estimates of social and economic development of regions for identification of regional distinctions, definition of priorities and strategic management of development of regions.
 The economic development of the regions was estimated by GRP per capita, the average salary of employees and the unemployment rate (according to the ILO methodology). Social development is characterized by the number of people enrolled in higher education institutions per 10,000 population; coefficient of incidence of the population; volumes of emissions of pollutants in atmospheric air, thousand tons; crime rates.
 The multidimensional average method with the standardization of indicators based on the variation range was used to calculate the integral indicators of economic and social development. On the basis of integral coefficients, the ranking of regions according to economic and social development was executed. It is established that for the regions of Ukraine there is a characteristic imbalance between economic and social development, which is connected, first of all, with different structure of the economy and territorial differences of regions.
 The combination of results of economic and social development of regions was proposed with the help of building a matrix as a tool for strategic management. In the graphs (vertically), the level of economic development is singled out, in lines (horizontally) the level of social development of the regions is singled out, with the identification of three groups: low, medium and high levels.
 Regions with low economic and low social level get to 1 square; in 2 – with low economic and average social; in 3 – with low economic and high social; in 4 – with average economic and low social; in 5 – with average economic and average social; in 6 – with average economic and high social; in 7 – with high economic and low social; in 8 – with high economic and average social; in 9 – with high economic and high social level.
 Calculations show that in Ukraine no region was detected with simultaneous high levels of economic and social development (the 9th square). The vast majority are regions with average economic and average social development and also regions “below or above an average” level of development, that is one of the directions (economic or social) is “low”, and the second, accordingly, “average”. The position of the region in a matrix specifies what development strategy should be chosen. The economic and social development is higher; the capacity of the region for increase in the standard of living of the population is higher. High economic and social development is followed by the high potential of the region to increase the standard of living of the population.

The article considers the theoretical aspect of defining the category of human capital. It is proved that the modern theory of human capital constantly needs to be studied together with the development of the world information community and knowledge economy. It is proved that the theory of human capital for Ukraine is first of all intelligence, health, knowledge, quality and productive work and quality of life. It is determined that the history of the theory of human capital is based on the achievements of institutional theory and other economic theories. It is determined that the criterion for improving the quality of human capital is a high index of economic freedom employee. The urgent problem of understanding the role of human-centeredness and the accumulated results of its intellectual activity on the pace and quality of development of society and socialization of the economy of public administration is considered. It is investigated that the concept of human development, human capital has become the best achievement of modern human civilization in the country and is an integral part of its national wealth. It is proved that the concept of human capital as the main strategic resource means the transition to the realities of Ukrainian society, human-centeredness, so a person as a civil servant and a citizen receiving quality services should be at the center of the socio-economic system. The concept of human capital as an idea, the efficiency of investment in human capital is considered and the economic approach to human behavior is formulated. It is substantiated that only positive (creative) human capital can be the best and most effective in the public administration of socialization of the economy. As a result of the study, it turns out that human capital has become a complex intensive factor in the development of the modern economy - the knowledge economy. It is noted that human capital is a set of investments in people, and in the public administration of socialization of the economy human capital increases its capacity for efficiency through education and skills, human capital is formed primarily through investment in improving the quality and quality of life in the country. We need to improve the efficiency of public administration of socialization of the economy through investment. It is argued that the criterion for improving the quality of human capital is a high index of economic freedom. It turns out that in Ukraine human capital is the main factor in the formation of public administration of socialization of the economy.

The article considers the features of the development of modern cities from the point of view of the ecological approach. The main focus is on approaches within the framework of the implementation of sustainable development. Sustainable development is a new concept of scientific development, and sustainable development requires us to change not only the concept of economic development, but also the concept of social development. The development of the city as a social development and economic development is an important embodiment of the process of sustainable development, but also in the pursuit of the concept of innovation. The paper analyzes domestic and foreign literature within the framework of the research topic, as well as uses comparative, comparative and analytical methods. The author examines the main problems of city construction from the perspective of an ecological approach, based on the basic principles of ecological urban planning, the main content and ecological function of zoning, and also examines the ecological city and its relationship with sustainable development. Ecological cities are a necessary condition for the sustainable development of society. In the last few thousand years, the development of society has been based on the price of sacrificing the environment, where the main role belongs to cities as the core of human society. This is a rather negative development scenario that does not provide for long-term sustainability, as the potential of the environment is increasingly depleted. The current situation is becoming threatening, and if it is not changed, not only the survival and development of future generations will be under serious threat, but also modern man will be in a situation on the verge of survival. Thus, the process of building an ecological city will reverse this negative situation and will not only contribute to the provision of conditions for the normal life of the existing civilization, but also will protect future generations of people, that is, will contribute to sustainable social development. In turn, the sustainable development of society is to ensure the construction of an ecological city, and an integrated approach to this problem will allow achieving the harmonious development of ecological cities.

Problem setting. The course of scientific debate for explaining social development has been determined for a long time by the competition of two theoretical and methodological approaches. The first approach – the evolutionist one affirmed the unity of the historical process, which obeys certain general laws (the so-called historical progress theories), and the second – the civilizational one presented social dynamics as a complex configuration of coexisting civilizations and cultures that successively replace each other over time (the historical circulation theories).Recent research and publications analysis. Among the domestic scientists who paid attention to the study of social development conceptual ideas, it is necessary to mention L. Bevzenko, А. Danilova, B. Dubina, S. Makeeva, M. Mishchenko, Yu. Pavlenko, O. Paskhaver, I. Popova, V. Tarasenko, V. Khmelko and some others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. At the present stage of science development, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the analysis of the essence and features of the fundamental aspects of the social development concepts. The study is devoted to systematization, comparative analysis and identification of fundamental aspects of conceptual approaches to understanding and interpretation of social development.Paper main body. The general features of the evolutionist concept can be summarized as follows. The historical process has a single form and continuous dynamics of development, which is associated with progress. The evolutionary changes, occurring linearly and having predictable nature, condition the progressive social dynamics from primitive states to more complex ones, from homogeneity to heterogeneity, from chaos to organization. The basis of evolutionary development is a single consequence mechanism, acting independently of humans’ will and consciousness, the core of which is the desire for social self-transformation.The concepts of historical circulation (cyclical, civilizational development) represent another traditional approach that explains the development of society and cultures. Most representatives of this approach consider the culture as a biological organism, which undergoes similar phases of its development: birth, adulthood, maturity, flourishing, old age, and death. The course of the world historical process is regarded by the theory of the historical circulation as a synthesis of different cultures and civilizations, having little interaction with each other and minor mutual influence.Modern theories, focusing on the active role of society members, individually or collectively participating in public life, consider social development as a contradictory and nonlinear phenomenon of the global world, as a radical, multidimensional, multistage and large-scale historical process transforming society and its institutional and socio-cultural environment. It covers all social subsystems and leads to the formation of effectively functioning institutional complexes supporting and enhancing the social aromorphosis and idioadaptation based on positive feedback between all the sociocultural system elements.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Nowadays, with the emergence of new concepts of social development, there is a possibility for a certain integration of these approaches into a new, systemic-cyclical approach, which defends, on the one hand, the multidimensionality and multivariate character of historical process, its alternative nature, and on the other hand – the inevitability and regular continuity of social development.

Carrying capacity of water resources is a concept with a natural-social dual attribute, not only reflects the capacity of water system to meet demands of social and economic systems, but also is closely related to the degree of social and economic systems’ natural water resource system. The concept of carrying capacity originally came from land carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of water resources follows after land carrying capacity in regards to importance in the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and in recent years it has become a research focus and hotspot in the field of water resource science. At present the academic circle has not reach a consensus on the definition of carrying capacity on water resources; different scholars have different opinions. Shi Yafeng and Qu Yaoguang (1992) says, “carrying capacity of water resources refers to the maximum capacity which water resource can carry the agriculture, industry, urban size and population of a region, in a certain stage of development of social history and science and technology, without destroying the social and ecological system, and is a comprehensive objective which may change along with social, economic, scientific, and technological development.” Cheng Guodong (2002) defines the carrying capacity of water resources as “supporting capacity of water resources to sound development of eco-economic system in a region under the specific stage of historical development, considering foreseeable effects of technological, cultural, institutional, and personal value choices, in a condition of suitable management technology.” Feng Zhiming and Liu Dengwei (2006) says, carrying capacity on water resources is “the maximum population or scale of social and economic development which water resources in a region is able to support continuously within a certain period, in economic and technical conditions and standards of living.” Duan Qingchun et al. (2010) says, carrying capacity of water resources is “the reasonable size in which regional water resource system can support social and economic sustainable development in a region, in a condition of certain economic, social, and technological development level, on the premise of ecological and environmental healthy development and social and economic sustainable development and coordination.” Though different scholars have different definitions about the concept of carrying capacity of water resources, all of the above scholars emphasize the supporting capacity of water resources to economic and social development, and its core is the maximum or reasonable scale of population or economic and social development in which water resource can bear or support.

China has achieved almost double‐digit annual economic growth since Deng Xiaoping launched market‐oriented economic reforms and open policies in 1978. Nevertheless, social development in China has lagged behind. This paper is concerned with the disparities between social and economic developmental trends in China, with particular reference to Guangdong Province. Having benefited by the open and reform policies since 1979, Guangdong Province has experienced rapid economic growth, especially in industrialization and urbanization. When compared with the spectacular development in its economy, social advancement in Guangdong has, however, appeared to remain far behind. The vast majority of the people in the province, especially the peasants in rural areas, and those who serve as contracted workers in factories, construction sites, or for the private sector in cities, are not protected by any systematic form of social security. This paper argues that the malpractice of local governments is the major factor leading to these divergent processes of economic and social development.

Argumentation is presented for the emergence of a new stage in the development of national economies along with the global technology change and the new social and economic performance challenges. Theoretically, this notion is developed applying Hegel’s ideas of economic and social development. In this regard, economic development is defined as a continuous process of change, the quantitative accumulation of which leads to a new stage with а qualitatively different goal, subject and mechanism for achieving it. Arguments for transition to a new stage of economic development are drawn from the analysis of contemporary concepts of innovative development, knowledge economy, circular economy and digitalization of the economy. They are associated with the application of new indicators for targets of economic development and new methodologies for collecting and interpreting new appearances in the real economy. The article also provides arguments for the transition to a new stage of economic development from the practice of the EU concerning the development and monitoring policies for achieving new goals. This is accompanied by rethinking the strategy and developing new alliances. The presented data show an unsatisfactory performance of the development of the Bulgarian economy among the EU member states. Following the above statements, it is assumed that it is necessary to rethink national strategy taking into account the challenges of transition to a new stage of economic development and opportunities, they provide for progressive development based on specifics national economy and identity of the society.

This paper argues that H ong K ong is now at the crossroads of its journey towards social policy development. While economic development still seems to be the unwavering objective of the H ong K ong government, the demand for democracy and social development can no longer be ignored because of a strong civil society fostered by economic success. The current state of affairs provides a window of opportunity for the H ong K ong government to strengthen its legitimacy through the development of social policy and to promote social harmony through inclusivity in social welfare. The findings from the present empirical survey conducted by the H ong K ong Institute of Asia‐Pacific Studies ( HKIAPS ) in 2010 demonstrate that H ong K ong people identified social harmony as the main direction for social development, closely followed by economic development, and democracy and freedom. Respondents who chose social harmony as the main goal of social development were more likely to take a step back and find common ground when fighting for their own rights or the rights of society. This paper concludes that these findings reflect the crucial importance of taking social harmony into consideration in the social policy development process.

Marxist theory of social development is a doctrine that is about the objective world, comprehensive and profound development. It combines the characteristics of the scientific development concept and practice requirements of the new era, and further reveals the core of our economic and social development, the basic requirements and fundamental approach as well as a vivid manifestation of the Marxist theory of social development. It is proposed that updated the concept of development, improved the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is the major strategic thinking that the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics must adhere to and implement relations campaign contradictory process. The ultimate cause of all social change not from the mind of people's thinking and should change the way of production and exchange. The social development patterns of human change are from lower to higher, from the simple to the complex evolution. The development of human society is from primitive society, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, socialism society after society into communism. It is not the people's will as an objective law. Marx proposed different forms of social development title on different occasions and different writings. Marx believed that people's full and free development, not only is the inevitable requirement of social development, and is the ultimate goal of social development value. As the ultimate goal of social development value is gradually approaching from the whole process of social development. Marx believed that full and free development of human beings is the main features of the future communist society, pointing out that communist society is everyone's full and free development of social forms. Marx and Engels clearly pointed out that replace with its classes and class antagonisms of the old bourgeois society, would be such a consortium, where everyone's free development of all human freedom development conditions in the landmark famous Communist Manifesto.

Land use transition refers to the trend of land development and use patterns at a specific time and in a specific area, and it was firstly proposed by foreign countries in the study of forest land change, which at first referred to the sudden change of forest land area in the mutual game between stakeholders, and gradually evolved into a new way to study land use/cover change (LUCC). At the beginning of this century, it was introduced to China by our scholar Professor Long Hualou, and was first explored in practice, and received great attention from academics and the government. The connotation of land use transformation is constantly enriched and evolved, and at the beginning of entering China, it was used to characterise the corresponding temporal changes of land use structure and form in the process of economic and social development. With the deepening of research and the improvement of China's land resource management level, land use transformation has not only portrayed the overall structural changes in land use brought about by different stages of economic and social development, but has also gradually penetrated into the study of the transformation of land subtypes, and the connotation of land use transformation has also expanded from land use structure to the two major aspects of explicit and implicit transformation of land, with a greater focus on subtle and implicit transformation of land use brought about by economic and social development. It focuses more on the subtle and hidden transformation changes of land use brought about by economic and social development. According to the current academic understanding of land use transformation, the definition of land use transformation can be summarised as the process of changing land use patterns from one state to another, driven by changes in economic and social development, which includes both explicit (quantity, area, space) and implicit (quality, property rights, function, etc.) land use changes, reflecting the changes in a particular stage of economic and social development. It reflects the game and conflict regulation process of land use patterns between different interest subjects and sectors at a specific stage of economic and social development.

Following rapid growth, China's economy is entering a period of high-quality economic growth. High-quality economic development has a profound impact on China's current economic development. It can be said that the improvement of economic quality is an inevitable choice for China's new stage of economic development. From this point of view, promoting high-quality economic development has become an important practical issue in my country's current economic and social development. As the integration and innovation of digital technology and taxation, the blessing of digital technology maximizes integration and precision, which can effectively meet the needs of higher stages of economic development. Perfect and inclusive development has become an important support for sustainable and healthy economic development. At present, behind the rapid economic growth, human economic activities have led to the emergence of an ecological and environmental crisis. The growth mode characterized by high input, high consumption support, and high emissions has resulted in insufficient supply of regional ecological and environmental resources, pollution, and damage to the ecological environment and also intensified. Therefore, this paper first examines the concept of digital finance and its enlightenment to economic development, and believes that digital finance has a good role in promoting economic development. Second, an evaluation model for the relationship between environmental environment and economic development is established, and an evaluation index system is obtained. Finally, through the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of economic development and ecological environment, it is concluded that in the era of digital finance, the level of regional economic development has been greatly improved, and my country's regional economic development has been greatly improved, which is significantly faster than my country's ecological environment improvement level.

Recently, the “new infrastructure” is the most famous and popular word mentioned by both governments and individuals in Chinese economy area. The “new infrastructure” is not only a good driver to face the slumping economy, but also a necessary strategy for future development. It conforms to the future trend of economic and social development, adapts to China’s current stage of social and economic development and needs for transformation, and will become a new engine of social and economic development while strengthening weak links. The “new infrastructure” mainly refers to the new type of infrastructure related to the digital economy and energy industry. The development of the “new infrastructure” is meaningful to current society and development in the future. This paper introduces the definition and situation of the “new infrastructure” in China and shows the importance of it. The paper also tries to innovatively analyze it from both demand side and supply side and some possible issues.

This theoretical article is intended for complex analysis of complicated phenomena and processes of the promotion of creativity and creative changes in the main areas of the contemporary social and economic life, as well as for the current and most important issues of sustainability, social development, economic growth and technological breakthroughs. Purpose – to prepare, disseminate and implement the new concept of the sustainable social development, economic growth, innovations and technological breakthroughs, the essence of which is an integrated holistic approach to harmonization of various development processes and the use of specific managerial tools and instruments based on the ideas of creativity and creative changes.Research methodology – systematic analysis and synthesis of various scientific ideas and approaches, formulation and analysis of new insights. Findings – a new concept of the promotion of creativity and creative changes is prepared. This concept provides an integrated approach to the solution of the problems of social development, economic growth, innovation activities, technological progress and breakthroughs, as well as of the application of the specific managerial tools and instruments based on the ideas of creativity and creative changes. Implementation of this concept in the practice of the social and economic activities, research and academic studies creates various preconditions for anticipation and realization of new opportunities for social and economic development and technological breakthroughs under contemporary conditions of globalization, European integration and the creation of knowledge-based society. Research limitations – the proposed concept is limited to the cases of the research on general tendencies and the development processes of the society, as well as to the cases of the macroeconomic analysis and preparation of the strategic decisions for social, economic, political and technological development. Originality/Value – the new insights and perspective ideas provided for the priorities of the various social sciences and humanities, particularly – sociology, economics and management science, and of the application of the specific management tools, are described and analyzed. Orientation to these insights and ideas highlights new significant trends in the scientific research.

Lately, education has been seen more and more as a feasible instrument-and one of the most important-in determining change, especially when human capital formation as the basis of economic and social development is the main target. [1] Such recognition of the place of education in the general process of social and economic development has resulted in increasing attention to educational planning. [2] Replies of 75 countries to a long questionnaire sent by the International Bureau of Education, Geneva, [3] clearly illustrate the widespread consideration given to educational planning. The search for systematized organizational procedures will be the next step, if this increasing awareness is to be translated into action. The following material is essentially based on the I.B.E. questionnaire. Undoubtedly, such questionnaire is vulnerable as to reliability and as to validity. [4] But, taking into account such limitations, it seems that one can still analyse the material to obtain at least two objectives: first, employing it as a survey, summing up numbers of overall plans, compulsory systems, etc. (which was, essentially, done in the original report). Second, trying to find basic relationships between some of the components, ending up by shaping some basic organizational patterns for educational planning, as they emerge from this survey. This is the main purpose of this study.

Introduction. Thу article analyzes key socioeconomic undertakings of the PRC at the present stage. In China, the year 2021 has marked a completion of Xiaokang — ‘moderately prosperous’ — society construction. Through the years of reform and opening up, the traditional concept of Xiaokang society has become a strategic goal of China’s socialist modernization and a core of socialism’s theory with Chinese features. Goals. The article primarily aims at analyzing relationship between the concept of Xiaokang society and Xi Jinping’s newly proclaimed doctrine of ‘common prosperity’, compliance of socialist modernization strategies with Chinese specifics. Since the concept of ‘common prosperity’ implies not only economic but also political contexts, it requires extensive and deep sociopolitical insights into ways and mechanisms to be involved thereto, and it is as urgent to identify potential impacts on Chinese society. Materials and methods. The paper examines Chinese periodicals of the specified era, studies contemporary historiographic sources relating to the issue. The study of public policy focuses on policy articles and documents, fundamental works by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Xi Jinping, and the economist Li Yining. Results. Over the 40 years, the strategic goal of Chinese modernization has evolved from ‘Xiaokang level’ to ‘Xiaokang society’, and from ‘comprehensive Xiaokang society construction’ to ‘completeness of Xiaokang society in all aspects’. In addition, subtexts of the strategy has also made a significant leap — from equal emphases on material and spiritual components of civilization to strengthening of all five components, namely: material, spiritual, political, social, and environmental ones. The living standards have experienced fundamental changes: the problem of food and clothing (wenbao) has finally been solved, common well-being of the people increased, and absolute poverty of rural population eliminated. However, there are still some social issues to have remained unresolved throughout the construction of ‘moderately prosperous society’. Conclusions. The fulfillment of the ‘first century goal’ has required that the Government articulate a new goal for China’s economic and social development to deal with still existing problems, such as income inequality and social imbalance, which in turn may cause political instability and threaten the legitimacy of the ruling party’s power. In response to the growing need of the people for a better life and further economic growth of society, the PRC Government has introduced a new concept of social development — ‘common prosperity’ (gongtong fuyu). President Xi Jinping points out that ‘common prosperity is a necessary condition for socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization’.