ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗНЫХ ГРУПП КОНТРАЦЕПТИВОВ НА ОБЩЕЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЖЕНЩИНЫ, ЕЕ РЕПРОДУКТИВНУЮ СИСТЕМУ. АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Abstract

Considering the activity level of a modern woman and her desire for self-development and self-realization, she independently regulates and chooses the time that, in her opinion, is the most favorable for creating a family and having a child. Considering the fact that in most cases women use contraceptives to regulate pregnancy and childbirth, the issue of selecting the most effective contraceptive without negative consequences or health disturbances including reproductive system becomes extremely relevant. The purpose of this review is to identify contraceptives that, according to medical researchers and gynecologists, have minimum or no negative impact on women's health and yet help to prevent pregnancy. The analysis of WHO recommendations and conclusions made by both Russian and foreign researchers, including Yaglov V.V., Crosignani PG, H.K. Kallner, K. G. Danielsson and others during the past 10 years, has identified contraceptives with minimum negative effects and the highest possible effectiveness. Based on the conducted literature review, the following main groups of contraceptives have been identified and classified: hormonal (combined estrogen-gastrogenic drugs, mini-pills, injectable drugs, subcutaneous implants, hormonal, etc.) barrier (vaginal diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge); biological methods (temperature method, cervical method, symptothermal method). The study showed that hormonal-type drugs turned out to have the highest effectiveness (99.9%) with negative consequences including hormonal disruptions, excess weight gain, and cancer development in rare cases. Regardless of the contraceptive type selected, the woman should first undergo a medical examination and consult a gynecologist who will tell which contraceptives are most appropriate in each case. Most researchers in the field of medicine and gynecology agree that the safest and most effective contraceptive method is male barrier contraceptives - condoms that do not have a negative effect on the female health, except for possible allergic reactions to lubricants used by the manufacturer.