Abstract
تعنى هذه الدراسة بشكل أساسي بأفعال الكلام واستراتيجيات التأدب التي تظهر في خطاب النصر الرئاسي الأمريكي. تهدف الدراسة إلى إظهار قابلية تطبيق كل من تصنيف ( (Searle لنظرية أفعال الكلام والتحقق في ثوابت (Leech) للتأدب التي ظهرت في هذا النوع عن طريق معرفة الترددات والنسبة المئوية لكلا النظريتين، ثم تحليل تباين هذه الأنواع بين العينات المختارة.
 يتبع البحث أسلوب تحليل مختلط إذ استعمل كل من الأساليب الكمية والنوعية. استنتج الباحث أن أربعة أشكال من أفعال (Searle) ظهرت في خطاب النصر الرئاسي الأمريكي. هذه الأفعال هي التوكيدية والتعبيرية والتوجيهية والتفاوضية. فضلًا عن ذلك أنه لم يستعمل أفعال الكلام البيانية أو التصريحية من قبل المرشحين المختارين. فيما يتعلق بنظرية التأدب، فقد وجِد أن الاستحسان والتوافق لهما الظهور الأكثر تكراراً في هذا النوع مقارنة بالمبادئ الأخرى.
Highlights
Political discourse is determined commonly by who speaks to whom, on what occasion and on what goals, explained by a topic or a style (Van Dijk: 2002, 225)
This study is conducted to point out the speech acts and politeness strategies used in the American presidential victory speeches
The last definition summarizes the branches or notions ramified from the term pragmatics, as such, speech acts and politeness will be given more details since they are the core of this study
Summary
Political discourse is determined commonly by who speaks to whom, on what occasion and on what goals, explained by a topic or a style (Van Dijk: 2002, 225). It is worth mentioning that victory speech is part of political discourse and can be defined as the speech presented by a newelect candidate, who wins the American presidential elections. This genre is one of the most important rituals in American culture and it is similar to oratory or rhetoric speech which is defined by Crystal (2003:416) in his dictionary as "the speech or writing that is meant to make a powerful influence in public". For Crystal (2003:379), pragmatics is the study of the elements that dominate human’s choice of words through speech or writing This means that if someone wants to say something s/he puts in consideration all the elements and situational contexts in order to produce the proper language. The last definition summarizes the branches or notions ramified from the term pragmatics, (scope) as such, speech acts and politeness will be given more details since they are the core of this study
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