Физическое состояние агрочернозема при использовании природной соли с гербицидной активностью на яровой пшенице

Abstract

The studies were carried out in order to assess the effect of a 30 % solution of natural salt with herbicidal activity on the physical state of agrochernozem during the cultivation of spring wheat. In a field experiment in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, crude natural brines of the Troitsk deposit of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were used, containing in their composition, g/l: sodium – 77,07; magnesium – 0,49; iron – 3,68; calcium – 2,56; potassium – 2,36; chlorides – 131,00; sulfates – 1,51. The concentration of natural salt was obtained by diluting the original base brine. Studies have established that sodium chloride, being the main component of the brines of the Troitskoye deposit, has a migration ability in the "plant-soil" system. A single use of natural salt as a herbicide on spring wheat crops determined a significant transformation of the physical parameters of agrochernozem. It manifested itself in poor reserves of productive moisture, their decrease by 9-12 mm (НСР05 = 3,5) during the period of active growth of spring wheat and an increase in the seasonal variability of the indicator to 46-52 %. Studies have established an increase in the density of the addition of agrochernozem on average for the growing season by 0,07-0,09 g/cm3 while maintaining the loose addition of the arable layer (0,77-0,79 g/cm3). An increase in the content of agronomically valuable fractions 10-0,25 mm in size by 10-12% with the formation of an excellent structural state (74-76 %) of the arable layer is accompanied by intensive destruction of blocky structural units> 10 mm and a significant increase in structural units 5-3 in size; 3-2 m 2-1 mm, which is a consequence of peptization of soil colloids. Keywords: NATURAL BRINE, TROITSKOE DEPOSIT, HERBICIDE, AGROCHERNOZEM, PRODUCTIVE MOISTURE RESERVES, DENSITY OF COMPOSITION, STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION