МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПЛОДНЫХ ОБОЛОЧЕК ПРИ НЕДОНОШЕННОЙ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ ПО ДАННЫМ СКАНИРУЮЩЕЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ МИКРОСКОПИИ

Abstract

Abstract. Currently, one of the most significant pathologies in obstetric practice is rupture of amniotic fluid in preterm pregnancy, which in more than 50% of cases precedes premature termination of pregnancy. This study is devoted to the study of the morphological foundations of the formation of insolvency of the membranes in preterm pregnancy. Using a Hitachi S-4500 scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 130 and 900 times, the ultrastructure of two fetal membranes (smooth chorion and amnion) was studied during physiological gestation and during pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of the fetal membranes with an anhydrous interval of not more than 6 hours and the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of the inflammatory process. The material was taken during a caesarean section. Tissue samples with dimensions of 1-4 mm are stained according to the Kranovsky method. It has been established that during a physiologically proceeding pregnancy, the outer layer of the amnion is represented by a cubic epithelium, which has a brush border on the apical part of the stellate shape. Amnion cells are tightly adjacent to each other. The inner layer of the amnion is represented by mesenchymal epithelium. The study of the ultrastructure of the smooth chorion during physiological pregnancy showed that its outer surface, in contact with the decidua, consists of tightly contacting cells with stellate microvilli. The inner surface of the smooth chorion, adjacent to the amnion, is represented by spongy tissue. The study of the ultrastructure of the fetal membranes during preterm pregnancy, complicated by prenatal rupture of amniotic fluid, made it possible to establish that the morphological basis of the failure of the fetal membranes is damage to the brush border of the amniotic epithelium and an increase in intercellular gaps in the amniotic membrane, which indicates the inferiority of the fetal membranes already at the stage of their formation.