К ВОПРОСУ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ НАТУРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СТОКА С СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПОЛЕЙ

Abstract

Purpose: determination of significant parameters and sequence of field studies devoted to the study of features and nature of diffusion pollution of water bodies in areas of intensive agricultural activity. Materials and methods. Materials: works by Russian and foreign scientists, regulatory documents. Methods: comparison, analysis and synthesis of data. Results. As experience shows, significant parameters are: the source of the formation of surface runoff, the hydrographic characteristics of the catchment, the level of development of the territory, soil resources, the dissection of the relief and the slope of the terrain, methods of soil treatment, the timing and dose of fertilization, the use of pesticides, etc. All this influences the choice of the location of representative areas in the catchment area, their size, determination of constant and variable parameters during research. The paper discusses the issues of taking soil samples in the process of preliminary studies, determining the location of the alignment point for sampling water from a water body and the possibility of taking into account the amount of diffusion contamination in the samples obtained. The rationale for conducting preliminary laboratory studies is given. The plan was developed for carrying out field studies devoted to the study of the features and nature of diffusion pollution of water bodies in areas of intensive agricultural activity. Conclusions. It was revealed that to organize monitoring of diffusion pollution of water bodies, it is necessary to carry out a number of studies both in laboratory and in the field. For a preliminary assessment of the removal of nutrients from agricultural fields and their entry into the water body, it is necessary to make a preliminary sampling of soil and water. It is advisable to take soil samples along route lines from the boundaries of agricultural fields to a water body along the slope of the terrain. The site for sampling water from a water body must be coordinated with the location of organized sources of wastewater discharge into it and the boundaries of the action of agricultural fields.