Влияние гипобарической барокамерной гипоксии на состояние гепатоцитов крыс с неалкогольной жировой дистрофией печени

Abstract

The problem of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has acquired particular relevance due to its widespread prevalence among the population throughout the world. The mechanisms of fat accumulation in hepatocytes are not fully understood. A certain role in this process is assigned to insulin resistance, which entails hyperproduction of triglycerides in the liver. The effect of hypoxia on hepatocytes has a multi-loop character. The relevance of the work is dictated by the lack of knowledge about the features of the course of fatty degeneration of the liver in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia. The article reflects the results of the influence of hypobaric hypoxia on the structural organization of the liver of rats suffering from. To study the features of the influence of hypobaric hypoxia on the structural organization of the liver of rats suffering from NAFLD. Materials and methods. The work was performed on 180 outbred male rats weighing 150–250 g. Before the start of the experiment, the animals were divided into 2 groups — the control group, where the animals were kept on a modified Ackerman diet, and the main group, in which animals on an identical diet were simultaneously exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (6000 m a. s. l., exposure time 6 hours, duration of the experiment 35 and 70 days). After the expiration of the experiments, the animals were decapitated, a post-mortem examination and material sampling were performed. Finished histological preparations were studied under a microscope with morphometry. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the statistical package of application programs SPSS 16.0 for Windows. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Results. It was found that in rats on a modified diet according to Ackerman, by the 35th day of the experiment, persistent changes are formed in hepatocytes that are characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty degeneration. The development of non-alcoholic fatty degeneration of the liver in the experiment leads to a significant increase in the area of hepatocytes (by 70% on the 35th day and by 85% on the 70th day), while the volume of the nuclei undergoes an increase of 50% only by the 70th day of the experiment. Hypobaric hypoxia in the pressure chamber reduces the phenomena of cell infiltration, which is expressed by the absence of a pronounced increase in the area of hepatocytes, but the volume of the nucleus increases by 41%. Conclusion. Non-alcoholic fatty degeneration of the liver under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia occurs with an increase in the volume of the hepatocyte nucleus and minor changes in its area, which requires further studies of pathogenetic mechanisms.