Эртний нүүдэлчдийн дунд нарийн зохион байгуулалт бүрэлдэх үйл явцыг археологийн баримтаар тодруулах нь

Abstract

The issue regarding social complexity among pastoral nomads has been a long-lasting puzzle for historian, anthropologists, and archaeologists. Such problems arises from the approach to look at past nomadic societies through narrow ecological and economic lenses. Even the concept of “social complexity” among archaeologists is problematic. Initially derived from system theories and political economy, the definition of social complexity places heavy emphasis on social stratification, industrialized economies, and centralized governance of sedentary societies. We argue that such approach to social complexity is not suitable to explain stages of social complexity among pastoral nomads. This is why we are introducing a different approach that considers integration, scale, and mobility. By explaining initial stages of social complexity of early pastoral communities in the case of two neighboring valleys in north central Mongolia, we can begin to understand how one of the first states in eastern Eurasian steppe emerged at the end of the 1st millennium BCE.