Влияние липополисахаридов грамотрицательных бактерий различных таксономических групп на морфогенетическую активность каллусов мягкой пшеницы

Abstract

In vitro tissue culture is actively used in modern plant breeding for genetic transformation, effective selection, rapid production and propagation of genetically homogeneous lines. For many crops, the low yield of regenerated plants is limiting for the use of calluses in the breeding process. Some bacterial lipopolysaccharides are able to increase the morphogenetic activity of plant calluses, increasing the efficiency of in vitro technology. In this work, we investigated the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the rhizobacterial strains Ensifer adhaerens T1Ks14, Ochrobactrum quorumnocens T1Kr02, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis K3 on the processes of callusogenesis, the formation of morphogenic calluses and regenerant plants of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of a low-morphogenic line with the Rht-B1a dwarfing gene, obtained on the basis of the cultivar Saratovskaya 29. It was found that LPS preparations at a concentration of 10 μg/ml had different effects on wheat tissue cultures. The yield of calluses from explants obtained from immature embryos significantly increased by 2.5% when exposed to LPS of the O. quorumnocens strain T1Kr02 and decreased by 4% in the variant with LPS from P. chlororaphis K3. The yield of morphogenic calluses increased under the influence of LPS from E. adhaerens T1Ks14 (+57%) and P. chlororaphis K3 (+41%). LPS strain O. quorumnocens T1Kr02 had a negative effect on the yield of regenerated plants, while the other two LPS preparations did not differ from the control in this parameter. As a result, the effectiveness of using the LPS preparations from explants to regenerants was significantly higher only in the variant of the E. adhaerens strain T1Ks14 (+64%). The data obtained indicate significant differences in the response of plant tissue cultures to LPS of various rhizosphere bacteria.