Метод электронной спектроскопии диффузного отражения в исследовании мышечной ткани диких и домашних животных

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the application of diffuse reflection electron spectroscopy (DRES) method for obtaining the optical surface characteristics of slices and chopped muscle tissue, muscle fibre and sarcoplasmic protein extracts of wild (wild boar, elk, deer, freshwater and marine fish) and domestic (pork, beef, lamb) animal tissue depending on the following processing conditions: freezing, water extraction, lyophilisation and enzyme-microbial exposure. Electronic spectra of transverse sections of whole-piece material, ground muscle tissue, muscle fibre and aqueous extracts were recorded using a Specord M-200 spectrophotometer (AIZ Engineering GmbH, Germany) having a vertical pathway relative to the Spectralon standard in the wavelength range of 200-700 nm. During testing of biological tissues of animal origin in solid and liquid state, the high sensitivity, resolution and analytical features of the express DRES method was shown to allow the acquisition of factual information concerning changes in the spectral characteristics of their main components under experimental conditions. Regardless of the species and type of animal organism, proteins, mucopolysaccharides, lipids, pigment protein and various oxidised forms demonstrate absorption bands in four clearly differentiated regions of the electromagnetic spectrum: 200-300, 400-425, 300-380, 540-580 and 635 nm, respectively. A comparative study of the pork and beef muscle tissue demonstrated significant differences in the nature of changes in the spectral characteristics of the main components and components of muscle tissue and muscle fibre, depending on the degree of oxidation, mechanical destruction, strength of myofibrils and pigment protein myoglobin associated with them.