Abstract
The paper considers an ambiguous representation of the subject area reality in data modelling in terms of the relation scheme. There were some attempts to rectify the relational model drawbacks by determining functional dependences among the relation attributes. Those attempts did not tackle the issue completely due to the specific nature of determining functional dependences during standardization of database scheme. The standardization allows eliminating an anomaly of operation updating caused by incorrect models of the subject area associated with the lack of semantic information in the relation model. To improve the representation process of semantic information, which is applied in designing of subject area, the authors suggest using such terms as essential elements and rating. These terms had been scrutinized ever since the hard-copy document workflow, when they were applied to formalize the document contents. To this purpose, the article describes the main components of the relational model in terms of essential elements and rating. For accomplishing aggregation and generalization operations used in developing the relational model and based on the description, the paper identifies formal criteria enabling to reduce the subjective factor while designing a conceptual database scheme.
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