Abstract
Background. X e growing interest in the historical development of social systems requires an assessment of the possibilities for a quantitative comparison of psychological characteristics in a person and society of diY erent eras. Objective.X e study aims to reveal the structure of social values and features of contemporary images according to verbal and visual texts of the cultures in the past.Methods. Behavior characteristics describing G. Hofstede’s basic cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1980) were used to encode texts. Psychosemantic assessment of the works of art perception was carried out with the use of a scale based on the multifaceted Five Factor Model of personality by P. Costa, R. McCrae (FFM; NEO-PI-R questionnaire adapted by V.E. Orel et al.) and the scale of individual image perception in media communication by L.V. Matveeva et al. Sample. A) Ancient Greek and Roman texts of 7th c. BC — 4th c. AD, Old Russian texts of 11th–17th centuries, Byzantine texts of 5th–15th centuries and texts of medieval European culture according to the 17th c.— a total of 205 separate texts. B) Visual stimulus material on cultures: Ancient Greece (7th–1th c. BC); Ancient Rome (7th c. BC — 4th c. AD); Byzantium (5th–15th cc.); Russia (11–19 cc.); Europe (9th, 11th–17th cc.) was assessed by respondents of diY erent ages from 14 to 70 (N = 68). Results. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis generally supported the structure of the W ve-factor model of personality and the basic dimensions of culture by G. Hofstede on the material of historical texts and works of art. X e least stable dimensions are Hofstede’s Masculinity and Openness to Experience factors of the personality model. An exploratory factorial analysis of data on historical texts yielded a factor structure reZ ecting speciW c aspects of Hofstede’s dimensions. In general, the correlations between personality traits and basic cultural dimensions described by G. Hofstede and R. McCraе (Хофстеде, МакКрэй, 2010) are reproduced. X e diY erences mainly relate to the FFM factor “Extraversion”. X e features of social situations described in historical narratives that are not W xed by the characteristics of behavior that describe the basic dimensions of culture according to Hofstede are discussed. Conclusion. X e subdimensions of modern models of personality and cultural values make it possible to obtain a fairly adequate quantitative assessment of the cultures of the past.
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