ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ВОДОСТОЙКОСТИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ ПРОПИТОЧНЫМ СОСТАВОМ НА ОСНОВЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО МАСЛА С НАНОПОРОШКОМ ДИОКСИДА КРЕМНИЯ

Abstract

The aim of the work was to develop and study new compositions for the treatment of natural wood based on used vegetable oil with the addition of nanosized silicon oxide to obtain a wood composite with improved properties. Specimens of birch wood were chosen as objects of the study. The basis of the developed impregnating compositions was used frying vegetable oil. The compositions were supplemented with additives of amorphous and crystalline silicon oxide nanopowders at a dosage of 0.01 to 0.5%. To modify wood, a stable suspension of synthesized silicon oxide nanopowders in used sunflower oil was prepared. The processing of wood specimens was carried out by the method of "hot-cold impregnation". The obtained wood composites with the addition of nanosized silicon oxide had improved hydrophobic properties of wood (an increase in the contact angle by 30%), increased moisture and water resistance (by 11 and 14 times, respectively), as well as reduced swelling in the tangential (by 4 times) and radial (5 times) directions in comparison with natural wood after 1 day of testing. The optimal dosage of silicon oxide nanopowders (0.01%) was chosen. A comparative evaluation of the use of amorphous and crystalline silicon oxides in impregnating compositions based on used vegetable oil was carried out using birch wood as an example. Impregnation compositions based on waste vegetable oil have low toxicity and their use makes it possible to dispose of production waste