Єдність кредитного ризику як ризику кредитора та ризику позичальника: минуле та сучасний підхід

Abstract

The main suppliers of credit resources to the today’s market are commercial banks, which for a long time act as the main creditors of both legal entities and individuals. The formation of credit relations occurs in the external environment, which can give rise to completely new risks that the developed credit market has not previously faced. The purpose of the study is to complement the essence of credit risk and consider it not only from the standpoint of the lender, but also the borrower, as well as outline methods for managing it. The main research methods in this publication are methods of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction for a comprehensive consideration of credit risk on the part of both the borrower and the lender; some provisions of the study are supplemented by the method of economic analysis. As a result, it is determined that credit risk is not only a risk of a banking institution, but also a risk of an enterprise, institution, individual who has borrowed a certain amount of funds from a financial institution and has an obligation to repay not only the principal amount of the debt, but also interest for using the borrowed value. It is found that credit risk should be considered as a unity of two concepts: creditor’s risk and borrower’s risk. After all, the borrower as a participant in the credit agreement is significantly influenced by the external environment, which must be taken into account when obtaining a loan. It is determined that in accordance with modern political and economic conditions, a closed system of protection against credit risk should be formed, first of all at the level of the borrower, then at the State level. It has been examined that at the creditor level, banking institutions have a wide range of methods to minimize this risk, while the borrower’s protection against credit risk is just beginning to take shape. Further research in the field of credit risk management of the borrower will concern an in-depth study of the methods of its management and improvement of methods of credit risk management at the State level.