Особенности развития и психическое здоровье близнецов раннего возраста: обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований

Abstract

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>Due to the increasing birth rate of twins and the high risk of delayed physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development in twins at an early age, there is a need to identify factors that contribute to the mental health and developmental trajectory of children.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods. </strong>We conducted a review and analysis of recent domestic and international research from 183 articles published between 2009 and 2024, and available in the Scopus, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) and Crossref databases. The search used the keywords “infant twins”, “twins at early age”, “twins early development”, “twins interaction”.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>The interest of researchers in different aspects of the mental health and development of children born from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pregnancies is shown. The main factors affecting the health and development of twins are genetic factors, congenital defects, gestational age and birth weight, the presence of trauma during birth, as well as the somatic health of children in the first months of life. The early development of twins is closely related to the features of the care organization and parenting, interaction with the mother, as with a caring adult, a set of environmental factors and conditions for the education. At an early age, twins are at high risk of lagging in general physical, cognitive and speech impairment development compared with singleton, which should be taken into account in monitoring the need for early help for children.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>There is a need for relevant domestic research on the features of the development of twins at an early age. The study of the individual trajectory of early development of each child from twins should be carried out taking into account the factor of discordance in a twin pair.</p>