Порівняльно-типологічний метод як інструмент підготовки вчителя-філолога в процесі викладання російської мови

Abstract

The article considers some aspects of the use of comparative-typological method in the process of studying the educational component «Russian language» by applicants for higher education from Turkmenistan, the role and significance of the comparative characteristics of Turkmen and Russian language to solve a specific methodological task: teaching students the language to master the future profession of teacher of Russian language and literature. In practice, it is proved that the complete exclusion of the native language in the process of learning Russian (as a foreign) language is impossible. Assimilation of Russian by Turkmen students occurs in most cases through the structure of the native Turkmen language, taking into account typological properties in phonetics, lexicology, phraseology, morphology, based on linguistic, cultural, mental features, which affects not only the mastery of a foreign language but and for a better understanding of the native language, thanks to the knowledge of different language cultures, national peculiarities of perception of the world and determination of one's place in it. One of the conditions for effective teaching of Russian to foreign students is the use of comparative-typological method, which allows the teacher to explain language features, clarify similarities and differences between contact language systems, taking into account the processes of interference of native language in Russian. By gradually involving students in such activities, we increase the level of motivation to learn a foreign language, stimulate the improvement of communication skills, as well as the ability to abstract thinking, analysis and synthesis, clear and precise expression, ability to argue and support facts. This approach helps students to more easily learn the material, structure it, organize knowledge of native and Russian languages, which significantly improves the understanding of language as such and linguistic phenomena in general. The use of the method of comparison helps Turkmen students to adapt more quickly to the language environment, to adequately understand and master the material of lectures and practical classes, to prevent typical language mistakes, and in general to overcome difficulties in the learning process. Language comprehension gives students the opportunity to form linguistic and communicative competence in the areas of professional and situational communication in oral and written forms, and thus to be successful in the profession.