История становления и развития идеи «зеленого» городского планирования в Дании во второй половине XX – начале XXI века

Abstract

Importance. The historical preconditions for the formation of modern urban construction policy in Denmark, current trends and features of Danish urbanism, current legislative acts regulating the issues of urban planning are considered. Within the framework of historical preconditions analysis attention is paid to the architectural and urban construction ideas of the 20th century, which made the greatest contribution to the establishment and development of the Danish tradition of urban environment planning. Attention is paid to the activities of English sociologist Ebenezer Howard and Danish architect Peter Bredsdorff, whose ideas are reflected in modern urban planning documents. The main organizations that at the present stage promote the ideas of ecological and conscious urban construction both among the citizens of Denmark and among commercial companies operating in the country are considered. The purpose of the research is to identify the Danish urban construction tradition rather than general patterns and trends characteristic, for example, for the countries of Northern Europe. The research highlights the value of studying Danish urban construction policy as an effective method for identifying the most constructive solutions to both local (individual settlements) and global (within the borders of a country or region) environmental problems. Materials and Methods. In the process of research the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as general and special methods of historical cognition are used. On the basis of data theoretical analysis an objective assessment of Danish urban construction tradition development in the period from the second half of 20th to the beginning of 21st century is given. Results and Discussion. The main events in urban construction, social and legislative spheres that influenced the establishment of modern ideas of urban planning are analyzed. The historical analysis of the main urban construction and urbanistic decisions that contributed to the formation of the Danish legislative framework in the field of urban construction is given. The analysis of activity of significant organizations responsible for urban environment sustainable and “green” planning ideas promotion is carried out. Conclusion. The ideas of sustainable planning in the 21st century fully take into account and realize the needs and tendencies of both social and ecological spheres, defined in the middle of the 20th century. It is concluded that in the system of urban construction the tendency to sustainable use of urban areas and promotion of the ideas of ecological urbanism among the population will continue to be observed. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the identification of significant legislative and social decisions and historical events that influencing the symbiosis of the natural environment and modern urban needs of Danish cities for more than half a century.