냉전 시기 인도주의 구호와 ‘손상’된 주체의 탄생 - 외국 민간 원조단체의 활동과 ‘자조(self-help)’ 개념의 전유

Abstract

In South Korea, “self-help” is a common phrase used in everyday life. It was imported to Korea from Japan during the Meiji era.BRAer liberation, in the 1950s and 1960s, the self-help discourse underwent a transformation under the contact with “Self-Help”, which was reected in US foreign aid during the Cold War. Initially, it was a principle that emerged in U.S. aid to underdeveloped countries. In U.S. diplomacy through the 1950s and 1960s, Self-Help came to function as a glass ceiling for citizens of underdeveloped countries under the U.S.-Soviet Cold War.BRA variation on Self-Help also occurred in South Korea in the 1960s, stemming from the Food for Work program of U.S. Public Law 480, Title II, Section 202. The South Korean government sought to appropriate this American humanitarian aid in a different way. The resulting discourse is called “self-reliance”. Aer Park Chung-hee’s coup in 1961, society’s view of the homeless shifted from the cultural to the institutional level. Citizens, who had been the objects of humanitarian relief and demands, were now seen as damaged beings who needed to prove their worth through their own labor and self-reliance, and their normalcy as citizens. is process was called “Self-Help” in the United States and self-help and self-su ciency in Korea.