Костяные (роговые) наконечники стрел населения Алтая жужанского времени (по материалам археологического комплекса Чобурак-I)

Abstract

The article presents the results of the systematization and analysis of the bone (horn) arrowheads discovered during excavations of the objects of the Rouran time of the archaeological complex Choburak-I (Northern Altai). The classification of 14 items recorded in five male burials of the site was carried out. It was established that in the analyzed collection there are both already known and specific types of arrowheads, some of which do not have exact analogies in the materials of the Bulan-Koby culture. An analysis of the indicated group of finds showed that arrowheads with petiolate were developed on the basis of local samples from the preceding Xianbei period. These products existed for a long period (apparently, in the framework of the 2nd–5th centuries AD). Arrowheads with a protruding barrel-shaped sleeve date from the 2nd quarter of the 1st millennium AD. Significant similarity of such products with specimens from the sites of the Burkhotui culture of the 4th–6th centuries AD may indicate the orientation of the bone carving production of the population of Altai and East Transbaikalia to the common “samples” of the material culture of one of the Xianbei ethnic groups. The arrowhead with a clamping nozzle differs in a certain originality, which, according to its typological characteristics, refers to fairly late modifications. A comparative study of clamping and sleeve arrowheads demonstrates the continuity of bone carving production of the late Bulan-Koby culture and the early Turks of Altai.