Abstract
After the Bolsheviks had come to power in Ukraine, they faced a number of social problems to be solved. One of them was the significant spread of tuberculosis. To fight the infectious diseases a special information campaign was launched at pages of various periodicals, including a popular-science journal, „Shliakh do zdorovia„(„Path to Health”), established by the People’s Commissariat for Health in 1925 and subsequently published by the same institution. The journal reflected the official policy in the struggle against tuberculosis. It included visual materials to facilitate the public absorbing information. As such, it became an important tool in the anti-tuberculosis campaign. Simultaneously, like all other periodicals, this journal was an instrument of agitation and propaganda activities of the Bolsheviks. The article depicts the reasons why an active information campaign against tuberculosis was launched. It also clarifies the role which visual materials played in the anti-tuberculosis campaign carried out in "Shliakh do zdorovia" as well as it shows top directions of this campaign alongside with main topics raised by the authors of the articles published in the journal. Finally, it compares the level of educational and propaganda component in each direction and in the information campaign as a whole. The results of the study indicate that within the Bolsheviks' anti-tuberculosis campaign three main directions can be distinguished: 1) explanation, why there were a significant number of people suffering from tuberculosis in the Ukrainian SSR; 2) explanation, why the disease had been spreading further; 3) presentation of the initiatives which Soviet authorities had taken on to overcome tuberculosis. To show specific problems in each of these fields as well as actions raised by Soviet authorities to solve them, visual materials were actively used. Thus, political and ideological components often came to the fore, even though the very problem of tuberculosis was medical.
Highlights
The journal is published by the authority of the Academic Senate of the Taras Shevchenko National University
To fight the infectious diseases a special information campaign was launched at pages of various periodicals, including a popular-science journal, „Shliakh do zdorovia„(„Path to Health”), established by the People’s Commissariat for Health in 1925 and subsequently published by the same institution
It became an important tool in the antituberculosis campaign
Summary
After the Bolsheviks had come to power in Ukraine, they faced a number of social problems to be solved. Намагаючись продемонструвати піклування радянської влади про побут робітників і селян, абстрактні проекти та ідеалізовані зображення, які характерні були для 1925 р., почали замінюватися детальними розповідями про перспективи втілення програми житлового будівництва більшовиків. Що масове житлове будівництво все ще не під силу радянській владі (Трахтман 1927), а тому продовжували популяризувати інші заходи, спрямовані на покращення санітарно-гігієнічних умов проживання – закликали створювати осередки охорони здоров’я або санітарні комітети в будинках, які б займались просвітницькою діяльністю, а також слідкували б за дотриманням чистоти в приміщеннях спільного користування, прибиранням тротуарів і подвір’я, регулярним очищення сміттєвих ящиків та вигрібних ям, справністю водопроводу і каналізації, висадженням дерев та створенням спортивних площадок. І як завжди, висунуті тези підкріплювалися ілюстраціями, на яких демонстрували слідкування за охайністю на загальних кухнях, спільне прибирання сходів, висадження дерев і облаштування клумб, організацію проведення часу на свіжому повітрі на подвір’ї
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