Abstract
This review summarizes the current scientific evidence on the role of different T helper (Th) cell subsets, key cytokines, and chemokines in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. According to modern concepts, not only type Th1, but also Th17, cytokines, and other cells of innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the immunopathogenesis of IBD. Most of the review is devoted to the current understanding of the role of polarized Th17 cells and subpopulations of follicular Th cells, the main function of which is to form a specific humoral immune response in IBD mediated by B cells. The role of the intestinal microbiota in the Th cell polarization, that is, their differentiation, accompanied by the acquisition of characteristics inherent in a particular subpopulation is discussed. The presented data are important for understanding the role of immune processes, including microbiome-associated ones, in the pathogenesis of IBD. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, T helper cell subsets, cytokines, chemokines, gut microbiome
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