Здоровьеориентированное городское и поселенческое планирование в восприятии студентов вузов и учащихся техникумов Ярославской области

Abstract

The article analyzes students’ perception of health-oriented urban and settlement planning depending on the type of family (status, level of education, material well-being of parents, residential area) and their attitude to a healthy lifestyle. In 2021, the author conducted a survey of university students and students of colleges (technical schools) of the Yaroslavl region. Sample population, n = 2400. In addition, a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with university students and students of technical schools (colleges) from Yaroslavl, single-industry towns, small, medium, large, large rural settlements, sample, n =48. As part of the study, it was studied how satisfied students are with the quantity and quality of institutions and elements of urban infrastructure in their place of residence (city, settlement, micro district). The influence of a healthy-oriented space on the degree of perception by students and trainees of their well-being (health) is analyzed. Participation in physical activity depends on gender, regardless of the place of residence (city, settlement, micro district). Girls are more involved in sports than boys. This is due to the fact that girls have self-preservation behavior to a greater extent than boys. It has been established that the more physically active students are, the less they apply for direct health care services during the year. An insignificant part of university students and students of technical schools (colleges) has a low health culture. It was revealed that the more developed, varied and multifaceted the sports (wellness) infrastructure of the micro district in which the respondent lives, the higher his satisfaction with his well-being (health). The more developed the residential area of the respondent, the more satisfied he is with the conditions for physical culture and sports. Girls, to a greater extent than boys, are dissatisfied with the conditions for physical culture and sports at their place of residence. In addition, it has been established that the smaller the city (settlement, etc.), the lower the satisfaction with the quantity and quality of institutions and elements of the urban environment. For the most part, girls, regardless of the micro district of residence, age, educational institution (university, college), are less satisfied than boys with the number and quality of institutions and elements of the urban environment. It was revealed that the larger the city, the more places with contaminated soil, the greater the building density. The smaller locality (village, city), the better the air exchange in the residential area (good ventilation), the lower the noise level, gas pollution, the better the solar illumination of the rooms. The measures aimed at improving health-oriented urban and settlement planning are proposed.