Abstract
The regulatory & legal and scientific & methodological aspects of developing risk-oriented approaches in the Russian Federation have been considered. The procedure and criteria for classifying protected facilities as a certain risk category in the field of fire safety are determined by the resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 12, 2020, № 1662, and September 14, 2023, № 1502. In the framework of the study, research to evaluate the efficiency of risk-oriented approaches in the industry has been conducted. For the period 2020–2022, the highest number of fires (33 %) in the Russian Federation occurred at the facilities not subject to classification. 25 % of fires occurred at facilities classified as low-risk, whereas only 2 % of fires occurred at high and extremely high-risk facilities. In order to evaluate the efficiency of rescue operations by firefighting divisions, the index «proportion of enterprise employees rescued during fires as compared with the total numbers of fatalities and rescued persons» has been applied. Based on the analysis, it has been concluded that the personnel of industrial facilities classified as low risk or not subject to classification have the least chance to escape the area exposed to fire hazards, 54 % and 57 %, respectively. The index of «proportion of injured persons during fires as compared with the total numbers of injured persons and fatalities» enables us to conclude that persons within the area exposed to fire hazardous factors survive but can be injured, which is damage to health. Persons within the area exposed to fire hazardous factors at low-risk facilities have the least chance of surviving. i.e., 46 %, whereas for the high-risk facilities, this index is 90 %. The probability of exposure to fire hazardous factors is to be evaluated by the relation of number of victims to the total number of exposed to the risk hazardous factors (evacuated, rescued persons, and fatalities). The highest probability of a fatality during a fire has been obtained for the personnel of low-risk category facilities: 85 fatalities per 1000 employees, whereas for high-risk faculties, the probability of fatalities is an order of magnitude less. The analysis of the results of social consequences of fire at industrial facilities indicates a need to enhance the role of occupational safety services at enterprises to implement measures of fire prevention, especially at low-risk industrial enterprises where the state fire supervision agencies take no scheduled control (supervision) measures.
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