Мотивы из литературного творчества Федора Достоевского как нефилософское вдохновение в философии драмы Юзефа Тишнера

Abstract

The main purpose of the article was to indicate the specific function in which the motifs from Dostoevsky's novel were used in the philosophy of Jozef Tischner. The basic questions that appear in Tischner's works concern the concept of man. In his writings, Tischner not only refers to the most important philosophers of the contemporary world. He also engages in polemics with them. The essence of his research is both the phenomenological aspect of research and frequent references to hermeneutic practices. Basic philosophical questions in Tischner concern both the very nature of man and contemporary threats to him. Tischner applies the phenomenological principle of the semantic autonomy of the literary text. Which essentially results in the lack of common points between philosophy and literature. However, following Ricoeur, he accepts the possibility of using an important literary text to create a philosophical metaphor. Tischner created an original concept of the human being as a dramatic being. In describing it, he used many metaphors from both the philosophy of dialogue and his own. The most interesting, however, concern man's wandering in the element of truth. At this point, recalling the figure of Raskolnikov, he created two important metaphors which allowed him to argue with the ideas of Nietzsche and Heidegger. The very application of a literary motif to create a philosophical metaphor allows Tischner to carry out very in-depth analyzes of the hypothetical state of affairs. As a result, using his own concept of “thinking from the depth of the metaphor”, he tries to follow the literary motive to indicate and discover philosophical contents that are anthropologically significant.